The transcription factor hierarchy controlling osteoblast gene expression during development is emerging. Runx2 (Cbfal/Osf2) confers osteogenic potential. Rb, Smads, and the osteoblast homeoproteins (Msx2, Msx1) function as Runx2 coregulators of progenitor proliferation, lineage allocation, and the temporospatial kinetics of matrix mineralization. Msx2 controls cell cycle and mesenchymal cell lineage as well as the matrix gene expression associated with terminal differentiation. Msx2 suppresses osteocalcin (OC) gene expression via (a) a Ku antigen complex that enhances Runx2-dependent OC transcription; and (b) MINT (Msx2 interacting nuclear target), an RRM domain nuclear matrix protein that we discovered by interaction cloning. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms whereby Msx2, Runx2, and coregulators control calvarial osteoblast gene expression will provide insights into (a) the pathobiology of craniofacial dysmorphias; and (b) osteoprogenitor growth, lineage allocation, & differentiation. Our limited understanding of Msx2 function in osteoblast molecular biology represents a major deficiency. We hypothesize that Msx2 selectively regulates chromatin composition of specific Runx2-activated promoters during osteoblast differentiation (OC, MMP13 vs. osteopontin).
Specific aims are:
Aim1 : To identify the molecular interactions between Msx2, Runx2, and Ku70 that control calvarial osteoblast gene expression, using the OC promoter as a model for study. Runx2 and Msx2 physically interact, as do Runx2 and Ku70.
This aim will identify structural features of Runx2 required for inhibition by Msx2 and augmentation by Ku70. Interactions that inhibit (Msx2-Runx2) or promote (Runx2- Ku) OC & MMP 13 transcription will be characterized in vitro and in native chromatin context. Msx2-regulated nuclear localization of Runx2 will be detailed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay & confocal microscopy. Ku70 structure-function relationships for Runx2-dependent OC transcription will be studied in CV 1 cells & Ku70 -/- calvarial osteoblasts (profound OC expression deficit).
Aim2 : To detail the role and regulation of MINT in calvarial osteoblast gene expression, using the OC gene as a model for study, The goal is to characterize MINT's role in osteoblast transcription & mRNA metabolism. MINT structure-functions studies will detail the regulation of OC gene expression in concert with Msx2.
With Aim1, Aim2 will test if Msx2 inhibits OC expression in part via targeting of OC chromatin to the nucleosomal remodeling & deacetylase (NuRD) complex. MINT structure-function studies will be extended to future studies of craniofacial development, gene expression, and RNA metabolism in MINT -/- mice & cultured cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR043731-09
Application #
7257301
Study Section
Oral Biology and Medicine Subcommittee 1 (OBM)
Program Officer
Sharrock, William J
Project Start
1996-07-15
Project End
2008-06-30
Budget Start
2007-07-01
Budget End
2008-06-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$292,138
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Sierra, Oscar L; Towler, Dwight A (2010) Runx2 trans-activation mediated by the MSX2-interacting nuclear target requires homeodomain interacting protein kinase-3. Mol Endocrinol 24:1478-97
Towler, Dwight A (2008) Oxidation, inflammation, and aortic valve calcification peroxide paves an osteogenic path. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:851-4
Cheng, Su-Li; Shao, Jian-Su; Cai, Jun et al. (2008) Msx2 exerts bone anabolism via canonical Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 283:20505-22
Towler, Dwight A (2007) Calciotropic hormones and arterial physiology: ""D""-lightful insights. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:369-73
Towler, Dwight A (2007) Imaging aortic matrix metabolism: mirabile visu! Circulation 115:297-9
Towler, Dwight A; Shao, Jian-Su; Cheng, Su-Li et al. (2006) Osteogenic regulation of vascular calcification. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068:327-33
Towler, Dwight A (2005) Inorganic pyrophosphate: a paracrine regulator of vascular calcification and smooth muscle phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25:651-4
Shao, Jian-Su; Cheng, Su-Li; Pingsterhaus, Joyce M et al. (2005) Msx2 promotes cardiovascular calcification by activating paracrine Wnt signals. J Clin Invest 115:1210-20
Vattikuti, Radhika; Towler, Dwight A (2004) Osteogenic regulation of vascular calcification: an early perspective. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E686-96
Towler, Dwight A (2004) Vascular calcification in ESRD: Another cloud appears in the perfect storm--but highlights a silver lining? Kidney Int 66:2467-8

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