Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are highly debilitating; each year they affect more than 120,000 individuals in the United States and 1.4 million worldwide. It is estimated that one-third of these individuals will suffer subsequent truama of the same kind to the contralateral knee or ACL graft. Not only do these injuries result in time lost from sport and activity, are immediatley disabeling, and typically require surgery, they are associated with post traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee regardless of the type of treatment that is chosen. ACL injury and the subsequent sequela of PTOA is debilitating due to its earlier onset in comparison to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), creating a considerable therapeutic concern as a majority of these injuries occur in active young individuals between 15 and 25 years of age that place high demand on their joints and consequently require earlier and more frequent surgery and rehabilitation. During the prior funding interval, we determined the risk factors for a first time ACL tear (please see Progress Report for details). A subset of the injured athletes from that study were followed after surgery, rehabilitation and return to sport for 2 years, and 18% went on to suffer a complete disruption of their contralateral ACL (CACL), and 10.9% suffered a graft injury (total re-injury rate of 28.9%). Rather than treat this trauma and the subsequent burden of PTOA though surgical approaches, which are only marginally successful, a more proactive approach is to identify individuals at increased risk of suffering ACL injury and develop injury prevention programs to mitigate that risk. The investigation in this application is focused on establishing a complete understanding of the risk factors for a CACL injury. This is an essential next step for understanding why these injuries occur, the development of prevention strategies that take prior ACL injury into account, and for identifying those that are at the greatest risk of suffering repeated ACL trauma so they can be targeted for injury prevention interventions. The goal of this investigation will be to determine the comprehensive set of risk factors associated with suffering a CACL following recovery form a first time ACL injury and return to sport/activity. This will be accomplished by executing the following Specific Aims: 1. To prospectively identify and recruit high school and college athletes who suffer a first-time ACL injury. 2. To measure a comprehensive set of potential risk factors for subsequent CACL injury at the time of the athlete's return to sport/activity following treatment and rehabilitation. These will include anatomic, strength and neuromuscular measurements on the contralateral leg, and clinical, demographic, and environmental factors. 3. To follow study subjects over time to identify subsequent non-contact injury to the CACL. 4. To determine combinations of risk factors that are associated with the risk of suffering a CACL injury in males and females.

Public Health Relevance

Disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and subsequent injury of the same kind that frequently occurs in the contralateral ACL (CACL) is disabling in the short term and debilitating in the long term due to its association with early onset of post traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). During the prior funding cycle, we developed a set of risk factors for identifying individuals at increased risk of a first-time non-contact ACL injury, but it is not known if these risk factors are also predictive of subsequent CACL injury. The necessary next step in the development of comprehensive programs to prevent both initial and subsequent injury is to determine the set of risk factors associated with suffering a CACL following recovery form a first time ACL injury as this will increase the understanding of why ACL injuries occur, inform the development of prevention strategies, and permit identification of those at the greatest risk of suffering repeated ACL trauma so they can be targeted for intervention to reduce their chance of injury.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR050421-09
Application #
9990697
Study Section
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Sciences Study Section (MRS)
Program Officer
Washabaugh, Charles H
Project Start
2007-09-07
Project End
2023-08-31
Budget Start
2020-09-01
Budget End
2021-08-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Vermont & St Agric College
Department
Orthopedics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
066811191
City
Burlington
State
VT
Country
United States
Zip Code
05405
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Tourville, Timothy W; Shultz, Sandra J; Vacek, Pamela M et al. (2016) Evaluation of an Algorithm to Predict Menstrual-Cycle Phase at the Time of Injury. J Athl Train 51:47-56
Vacek, Pamela M; Slauterbeck, James R; Tourville, Timothy W et al. (2016) Multivariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury in High School and College Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study With a Nested, Matched Case-Control Analysis. Am J Sports Med 44:1492-501
Levins, James G; Sturnick, Daniel R; Argentieri, Erin C et al. (2016) Geometric Risk Factors Associated With Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Rupture. Am J Sports Med 44:2537-2545
Sturnick, Daniel R; Vacek, Pamela M; DeSarno, Michael J et al. (2015) Combined anatomic factors predicting risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury for males and females. Am J Sports Med 43:839-47
Beynnon, Bruce D; Hall, John S; Sturnick, Daniel R et al. (2014) Increased slope of the lateral tibial plateau subchondral bone is associated with greater risk of noncontact ACL injury in females but not in males: a prospective cohort study with a nested, matched case-control analysis. Am J Sports Med 42:1039-48
Whitney, Darryl C; Sturnick, Daniel R; Vacek, Pamela M et al. (2014) Relationship Between the Risk of Suffering a First-Time Noncontact ACL Injury and Geometry of the Femoral Notch and ACL: A Prospective Cohort Study With a Nested Case-Control Analysis. Am J Sports Med 42:1796-805
Sturnick, Daniel R; Van Gorder, Robert; Vacek, Pamela M et al. (2014) Tibial articular cartilage and meniscus geometries combine to influence female risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Res 32:1487-94
Beynnon, Bruce D; Vacek, Pamela M; Sturnick, Daniel R et al. (2014) Geometric profile of the tibial plateau cartilage surface is associated with the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Res 32:61-8
Beynnon, Bruce D; Vacek, Pamela M; Newell, Maira K et al. (2014) The Effects of Level of Competition, Sport, and Sex on the Incidence of First-Time Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Am J Sports Med 42:1806-12

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