Beyond its primary function of repelling microbial challenges, the immune system plays important roles in safeguarding tissue homeostasis. Macrophages have long been recognized to exercise such secondary functions and, over the past several years, there has been growing interest in the implication of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (or Tregs) in homeostatic processes. For example, unique Treg compartments in a number of parenchymal tissues promote local repair/regeneration after acute or chronic injury ? even in zebrafish! Skeletal-muscle Tregs serve as a paradigmatic pro-regenerative regulatory T cell population. First reported by our lab in 2012, muscle Tregs increase rapidly after acute injury, differing from lymphoid-organ Tregs in their elevated representation, tissue-adapted transcriptome, distinct ? clonally expanded ? T cell receptor repertoire, and growth/survival factor dependencies. One intriguing axis, discovered during the last funding-cycle, entails nociceptive neuron production of the peptide, CGRP; which elicits IL-33 production from stromal cells; which, in turn, promotes local Treg accumulation. Muscle Tregs exert multiple influences along the course of tissue repair ? on both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells during both the early, pro-inflammatory, and late, pro-regenerative, phases. This broad range of activities highlights the need to go beyond the current static image of muscle-Treg phenotype and function to obtain a dynamic view spanning the entire process. Temporal single-cell RNAseq data on the muscle-Treg compartment from 1-14 days post-injury (generated during the last funding-cycle) revealed five distinct subtypes that waxed and waned over time: circulating, recently activated, ROR?+, T-bet+ and GATA3+ (or reparative). Our long-term goal is to understand how the five muscle-Treg subtypes integrate with each other and with neighboring lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells to promote muscle regeneration. Our overall hypothesis is that individual subtypes emerge and/or expand to deal with particular biological issues that arise during the repair/regeneration process. In particular, this proposed project aims to: 1. Identify the provenance of ROR?+ skeletal-muscle Tregs. 2. Determine what critical role(s) ROR?+ Tregs play in effective muscle repair/regeneration. 3. Determine whether endogenous CGRP orchestrates increased IL-33 production by muscle MSCs and consequent expansion of the reparative (GATA3+) muscle-Treg subtype. Completion of these studies will provide us with a more accurate and nuanced picture of Treg activities during muscle regeneration. Potential therapeutic applications are many: catastrophic wound healing, exercise- induced damage, age-related sarcopenias, muscular dystrophies, autoimmune myositides and chronic muscle infections.

Public Health Relevance

This proposed project focuses on a unique population of regulatory T cells that is located in skeletal muscle and regulates local repair/regeneration after acute or chronic injury. The identification of factors that promote the expansion and survival of these populations, or reparative factors that they produce, should deepen our understanding of and eventually aid our treatment of muscular dystrophies, autoimmune myositides and chronic muscle infections. There should also be applications to age-associated deficiencies in muscle mass, function and repair ? a growing health problem with our aging society ? as well as to battle and other severe wounds.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AR070334-06
Application #
10118897
Study Section
Cellular and Molecular Immunology - B Study Section (CMIB)
Program Officer
Carifi, Emily Foran
Project Start
2016-05-01
Project End
2026-02-28
Budget Start
2021-03-01
Budget End
2022-02-28
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Harvard Medical School
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
047006379
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Panduro, Marisella; Benoist, Christophe; Mathis, Diane (2018) Treg cells limit IFN-? production to control macrophage accrual and phenotype during skeletal muscle regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E2585-E2593
DiSpirito, Joanna R; Zemmour, David; Ramanan, Deepshika et al. (2018) Molecular diversification of regulatory T cells in nonlymphoid tissues. Sci Immunol 3: