The activating NKG2D receptor expressed on T cells and NK cells recognizes a polygenic and polymorphic family of ligands with structural homology to major histocompatibility complex class I proteins. These ligands are not expressed or are expressed in only low amounts by healthy tissues of adults, but they are frequently over- expressed by tumors, are up-regulated after infection with viruses and bacteria, and have been detected in certain autoimmune diseased tissues. Although the NKG2D ligands are typically expressed on the cell surface as transmembrane-anchored or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, some of these ligands, including MICA, MICB, and ULBP-2, can either be secreted or shed from tumor cells. These soluble NKG2D ligands are frequently detected in the sera of human cancer patients, leading to the hypothesis that they may allow tumors to escape NKG2D-mediated immune responses by serving as decoy ligands for NKG2D. The overall goal of this project is to determine the consequences of NKG2D ligand expression in autoimmune diseases and in innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases. To meet this goal, we will develop new mouse models that will help us and other investigators to understand the functions of NKG2D ligands and how these functions can be regulated to relieve disease.
In aim 1, we will establish mice in which a cell surface NKG2D ligand, Rae-1, can be selectively expressed in any cell type or tissue of interest. Initially, we will use these mice to express Rae-1 exclusively on islet cells in the pancreas to determine the impact on the development of autoimmunity and, separately, on the development of primary pancreatic tumors.
In aim 2, these mice will be used to express Rae-1 on dendritic cells (DC) to explore how this impacts the cross- talk between DC, NK cells, and T cells.
In aim 3, we will express a soluble NKG2D ligand systemically in transgenic mice or in a tumor cell-specific manner to formally address whether soluble NKG2Dligands can allow immune evasion by tumors and if soluble NKG2D ligands impair immune defense against pathogens. Collectively, these studies will provide new insights into the role of NKG2D and its ligands in autoimmunity and in host defense, and they will provide new model systems for the pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutics targeting the NKG2D pathway for treatment of autoimmunity and cancer.
NKG2D is a receptor on a class of white blood cells (NK cells and T cells) that has been demonstrated to provide protective immunity against pathogens and tumors, as well as implicated in the rejection of bone marrow and heart transplants and in certain autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and type I diabetes. In this project, we propose to develop new mouse model systems in which we can study how tumors attempt to evade detection by the NKG2D receptor, and the importance of the NKG2D receptor in the host response against tumors and autoimmunity.
| Morvan, Maelig G; Champsaur, Marine; Reizis, Boris et al. (2017) Chronic In Vivo Interaction of Dendritic Cells Expressing the Ligand Rae-1? with NK Cells Impacts NKG2D Expression and Function. Immunohorizons 1:10-19 |
| Weinger, Jason G; Plaisted, Warren C; Maciejewski, Sonia M et al. (2014) Activating receptor NKG2D targets RAE-1-expressing allogeneic neural precursor cells in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. Stem Cells 32:2690-701 |
| Beaulieu, Aimee M; Bezman, Natalie A; Lee, Jang Eun et al. (2013) MicroRNA function in NK-cell biology. Immunol Rev 253:40-52 |
| Lanier, Lewis L (2013) Shades of grey--the blurring view of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:73-4 |
| Kim, Charles C; Lanier, Lewis L (2013) Beyond the transcriptome: completion of act one of the Immunological Genome Project. Curr Opin Immunol 25:593-7 |
| Min-Oo, Gundula; Kamimura, Yosuke; Hendricks, Deborah W et al. (2013) Natural killer cells: walking three paths down memory lane. Trends Immunol 34:251-8 |
| Benoist, Christophe; Lanier, Lewis; Merad, Miriam et al. (2012) Consortium biology in immunology: the perspective from the Immunological Genome Project. Nat Rev Immunol 12:734-40 |
| Orr, Mark T; Lanier, Lewis L (2011) Inhibitory Ly49 receptors on mouse natural killer cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 350:67-87 |
| Sun, Joseph C; Lopez-Verges, Sandra; Kim, Charles C et al. (2011) NK cells and immune ""memory"". J Immunol 186:1891-7 |
| Orr, Mark T; Lanier, Lewis L (2011) Natural killer cell licensing during viral infection. Adv Exp Med Biol 780:37-44 |
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