Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, and the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of cervical cancer is well known. Despite the advent of early detection with Papanicolaou smears, cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in less developed nations. A prophylactic HPV vaccine is now available to prevent women from acquiring HPV infection, but it is not effective once HPV infection is established. Our long-term goal is to develop a therapeutic HPV vaccine that is effective in preventing cervical cancer caused by high-risk types of HPV in HPV-exposed individuals. We propose a novel combination of antigens and adjuvant. HPV-related transformation to a malignant phenotype is mediated by two gene products, E6 and E7, and their expression is required for maintenance of a transformed phenotype. Therefore, E6 and E7 proteins are candidate antigen sources for a therapeutic vaccine for women with HPV infection and/or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Our clinical study examining CD8 T-cell responses and spontaneous SIL regression showed that CD8 T-cell responses to HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 protein (particularly the central regions), but not the E7 protein, are significantly associated with regression of cervical lesions. Such protection appears to be crossreactive among all high-risk but not low-risk HPV types. Analogous studies are needed to assess whether CD4 T-cell responses to the E7 protein also have a role in SIL regression. We hypothesize that regions of HPV-16 E6 protein, and perhaps E7 protein, containing CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes associated with SIL regression are sources of effective antigens for a therapeutic HPV vaccine (antigens), and that Candida antigen, with anti-HPV effects inducing skin wart regression, is an effective adjuvant in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity (adjuvant).
Our specific aims are to: (1a) identify regions within HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins associated with cervical lesion regression and characterize the dominant CD4 T-cell epitopes;(1b) determine how Candida antigen may work to enhance immune response by examining interactions with pattern recognition receptors;(2) examine dosage and toxicity of the HPV peptide-Candida vaccine;and (3) assure safety and examine immunogenicity and clinical responses to the candidate vaccine in a dose-escalation Phase I clinical trial. Successful completion of this project would lead to not only development of a novel therapeutic HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention, but also a novel adjuvant to enhance peptide vaccine immunogenicity, which can be applied to other cancers and infectious agents.

Public Health Relevance

Successful completion of this project would lead to the development of a novel therapeutic HPV vaccine that can reduce morbidity and mortality due to HPV-associated cancers, including cervical cancer. In addition, this project has the potential for developing a novel adjuvant capable of enhancing peptide vaccine immunogenicity, which can be applied to other cancers as well as other infectious agents.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01CA143130-01A1
Application #
7986855
Study Section
Transplantation, Tolerance, and Tumor Immunology (TTT)
Program Officer
Song, Min-Kyung H
Project Start
2010-07-01
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2010-07-01
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$774,808
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
122452563
City
Little Rock
State
AR
Country
United States
Zip Code
72205
Abdallah, Al-Ola; Coleman, Hannah; Kamel, Mohamed et al. (2018) A novel prostate cancer immunotherapy using prostate-specific antigen peptides and Candida skin test reagent as an adjuvant. SAGE Open Med 6:2050312118800202
Wang, Xingxuan; Che, Yuxin; Chen, Bingnan et al. (2018) Evaluation of immune responses induced by a novel human papillomavirus type 16 E7 peptide-based vaccine with Candida skin test reagent as an adjuvant in C57BL/6 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 56:249-260
Coleman, Hannah N; Greenfield, William W; Stratton, Shawna L et al. (2016) Human papillomavirus type 16 viral load is decreased following a therapeutic vaccination. Cancer Immunol Immunother 65:563-73
Greenfield, William W; Stratton, Shawna L; Myrick, Rebecca S et al. (2015) A phase I dose-escalation clinical trial of a peptide-based human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccine with Candida skin test reagent as a novel vaccine adjuvant for treating women with biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3. Oncoimmunology 4:e1031439
Moerman-Herzog, Andrea; Nakagawa, Mayumi (2015) Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 22:850-7
Stratton, Shawna L; Spencer, Horace J; Greenfield, William W et al. (2015) A novel use of a statewide telecolposcopy network for recruitment of participants in a Phase I clinical trial of a human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccine. Clin Trials 12:199-204
Nakagawa, Mayumi; Greenfield, William; Moerman-Herzog, Andrea et al. (2015) Cross-Reactivity, Epitope Spreading, and De Novo Immune Stimulation Are Possible Mechanisms of Cross-Protection of Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types in Recipients of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines. Clin Vaccine Immunol 22:679-87
Nakagawa, Mayumi; Coleman, Hannah N; Wang, Xuelian et al. (2014) IL-12 secretion by Langerhans cells stimulated with Candida skin test reagent is mediated by dectin-1 in some healthy individuals. Cytokine 65:202-9
Coleman, Hannah N; Wang, Xuelian; Greenfield, William W et al. (2014) A Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 52-62 CD4 T-Cell Epitope Restricted by the HLA-DR11 Molecule Described in an Epitope Hotspot. MOJ Immunol 1:
Nakagawa, Mayumi; Spencer, Horace J; Coleman, Hannah N et al. (2013) Distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types and anti-HPV T-cell immune responses among different racial/ethnic groups in Central Arkansas. J Ark Med Soc 109:160-3

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