Tobacco use remains a high risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) resulting from exposure to potent tobacco carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) such as N?-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). To assess effects of these carcinogens on oral mucosa, we developed a novel OSCC mouse model using DB[a,l]P and its fjord region diol epoxide (DB[a,l]PDE). Importantly, we showed that dietary intervention with freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) powder inhibited carcinogen-induced DNA damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in the mouse oral cavity. We have also established that BRB reduce formation and/or enhance repair of bulky adducts in vitro, but, the mechanisms by which BRB reduce DNA damage remain to be fully elucidated. Considering the varied structures of DNA adducts, we will focus on BRB effects on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base-excision repair (BER) enzymes. Based on the abundant phenolic compounds in BRB e.g. anthocyanins, it is logical to propose that BRB help preserve the cellular redox poise, enhance redox scavenging and thus function to prevent oxidative DNA damage; our data support this proposition. In addition to their cytoprotective functions, a specific cellular reducing equivalent-NADPH-functions in reductive biosynthetic reactions including conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) that are essential components for DNA repair. Based on these data, we hypothesize that BRB reduce DNA damage (cf. Scheme 1, Significance) in a multimodal fashion: 1) BRB enhance NER and BER function via preservation of key substrates and cofactors i.e. dNTPs and Mg2+, while maintaining an optimal, non-oxidized environment conducive to DNA repair; 2) BRB preserve the cellular redox status via efficient scavenging of reactive species that can inhibit DNA repair enzymes thereby reducing oxidative DNA damage. The proposed mechanistic studies entail two complementary, yet independent, Specific Aims:
Aim 1 A will investigate the effects of BRB on repair (NER, BER) of covalent tobacco carcinogen-DNA adducts and 8-OXO-dG in primary human oral keratinocyte cells that have been transfected with these adducts using our established assay.
Aim 1 B will determine the capacity of BRB to prevent oxidative damage in wild-type (OGG1+/+, a component of BER enzymes) and knockout (OGG1-/-) MEF cells. Concurrent studies, applicable to both subaims, will assess BRB effect on preservation of dNTP pools and key cellular redox poise parameters in a continuum of validated cells ranging from primary human oral keratinocytes, oral leukoplakia and OSCC cells.
Aim 2 will determine for the first time the effects of local BRB delivery on formation of covalent DNA adducts and 8-OXO-dG in buccal cells of healthy smokers. The results could serve as the framework for future chemopreventive trials for addicted smokers who are unable to quit as well as non- or former-smokers who are exposed to environmental carcinogens.

Public Health Relevance

/Public Health Relevance Statement Tobacco smoking is a major etiological agent in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is a disfiguring disease that can strip away the patient?s voice and certain basic needs such as eating and drinking. Although smoking cessation is the only intervention proven to reduce tobacco-related cancers, the results of this application will provide critical mechanistic insights toward the design of future chemoprevention trials targeting addicted smokers who are unable to quit as well as non- or former smokers who are exposed to carcinogens through environmental exposures (food-borne carcinogens, second-hand smoke).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA173465-07
Application #
10087893
Study Section
Cancer Prevention Study Section (CPSS)
Program Officer
Riscuta, Gabriela
Project Start
2013-04-01
Project End
2025-01-31
Budget Start
2021-02-01
Budget End
2022-01-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Pennsylvania State University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
129348186
City
Hershey
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
17033
Chen, Kun-Ming; Guttenplan, Joseph B; Sun, Yuan-Wan et al. (2018) Effects of Black Raspberry on Dibenzo[a,l]Pyrene Diol Epoxide Induced DNA Adducts, Mutagenesis, and Tumorigenesis in the Mouse Oral Cavity. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 11:157-164
Sun, Yuan-Wan; Chen, Kun-Ming; Imamura Kawasawa, Yuka et al. (2017) Hypomethylated Fgf3 is a potential biomarker for early detection of oral cancer in mice treated with the tobacco carcinogen dibenzo[def,p]chrysene. PLoS One 12:e0186873
Chen, Kun-Ming; Schell, Todd D; Richie Jr, John P et al. (2017) Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on DNA damage and immune regulation induced by the environmental pollutant dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in oral tissues of mice. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 35:213-222
El-Bayoumy, Karam; Chen, Kun-Ming; Zhang, Shang-Min et al. (2017) Carcinogenesis of the Oral Cavity: Environmental Causes and Potential Prevention by Black Raspberry. Chem Res Toxicol 30:126-144
Guttenplan, Joseph B; Chen, Kun-Ming; Sun, Yuan-Wan et al. (2016) Effects of Black Raspberry Extract and Protocatechuic Acid on Carcinogen-DNA Adducts and Mutagenesis, and Oxidative Stress in Rat and Human Oral Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 9:704-12
Sun, Yuan-Wan; El-Bayoumy, Karam; Aliaga, Cesar et al. (2015) Tissue Distribution, Excretion and Pharmacokinetics of the Environmental Pollutant Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 28:1427-33
Zhang, Shang-Min; Chen, Kun-Ming; Sun, Yuan-Wan et al. (2014) Simultaneous detection of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine adducts in the tongue and other oral tissues of mice treated with Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. Chem Res Toxicol 27:1199-206
Chen, Kun-Ming; Guttenplan, Joseph B; Zhang, Shang-Min et al. (2013) Mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis induced by dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke constituent. Int J Cancer 133:1300-9