Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B-cell malignancy with no association with carcinogens, viruses, radiation or underlying genetic defect identified to date. The disease is characterized by an accumulation of mature B-cells in hematopoietic tissues and it is incurable at present. Cytosine methylation of mammalian genomic DNA is critical for normal physiological processes due to its contribution to transcriptional regulation of large sets of genes. Recent genome-wide analysis of human CLL samples revealed a global hypomethylation of the coding portion of the genome, suggesting involvement of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) in the pathogenesis of the disease. To induce hypomethylation, we conditionally inactivated Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in hematopoietic lineages in mice. Loss of Dnmt3a but not Dnmt3b in hematopoietic cells induces cellular transformation of B-cells and CLL, suggesting a tumor suppressor function for Dnmt3a in CLL development. The cellular and molecular basis of this function remains unclear. We hypothesize that the tumor suppressor function of Dnmt3a depends on DNA methylase activity, whose loss results in promoter hypomethylation and up-regulation of genes functioning as epigenetic drivers of CLL.
Three Specific Aims will address this:
In Aim 1 we will identify and characterize cancer-initiating cells in CLL induced by Dnmt3a deficiency and analyze their biological and molecular properties.
In Aim 2 we will determine whether Dnmt3a methyltransferases activity or rather methylation -independent repressor activity is responsible for its tumor suppressor function.
In Aim 3 we will test the ability of selected Dnmt3a target genes to induce CLL in vivo and evaluate their roles in maintenance of the tumor phenotype in human CLL cell lines in vitro. A careful analysis of the tumor suppressor function of Dnmt3a will provide useful insight into biological and molecular events governing the development of mouse and human CLL.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the United States, accounting for 32% of all diagnosed adult leukemia cases and approximately 112,000 currently affected individuals. We found that loss of Dnmt3a in mice results in the development of CLL characterized - like in humans - by hypomethylation of a large number of genes, suggesting a central role for Dnmt3a in CLL development. Here we expect to link the tumor suppressor function of Dnmt3a to the biology of leukemia-initiating cells, identify critical biological activities responsible for Dnmt3a tumor suppressor function and identify oncogenic modifiers involved in the development and maintenance of CLL, thus providing candidate molecules for targeted therapies.
| Haney, Staci L; Upchurch, Garland M; Opavska, Jana et al. (2016) Loss of Dnmt3a induces CLL and PTCL with distinct methylomes and transcriptomes in mice. Sci Rep 6:34222 |
| Upchurch, Garland Michael; Haney, Staci L; Opavsky, Rene (2016) Aberrant Promoter Hypomethylation in CLL: Does It Matter for Disease Development? Front Oncol 6:182 |
| Haney, Staci L; Upchurch, G Michael; Opavska, Jana et al. (2016) Dnmt3a Is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor in CD8+ Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma. PLoS Genet 12:e1006334 |
| Haney, Staci L; Upchurch, G Michael; Opavska, Jana et al. (2016) Promoter Hypomethylation and Expression Is Conserved in Mouse Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Induced by Decreased or Inactivated Dnmt3a. Cell Rep 15:1190-201 |
