Current findings suggest that community-based, ecological variables such as exposure to community violence may be risk factors for psychological distress and adolescent substance use among African Americans. Findings may also indicate that a positive ethnic identity may moderate the effects of exposure to community violence by serving as a protective factor that prevents or delays substance use. This correlational, within-group survey study is designed to examine the influence of exposure to community violence and ethnic identity development on substance use in a single, cross-sectional sample of African American youth aged 14-18 years. The survey will include a battery of self-report measures that assess direct (victim) and indirect (witness) exposure to community violence (frequency, severity, and range), ethnic identity development, psychological functioning (depression, hopelessness, locus of control), and substance use (intent to use, age of initiation, level of use for tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs). It is expected that exposure to community violence will be associated with poorer psychological functioning (e.g., depression, hopelessness, and powerlessness/locus of control) greater intent to use alcohol, tobacco, and/or illegal drugs among adolescents who do not use alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs, and earlier ages of initiation and higher levels of substance use among adolescents who have initiated drug use. It is also expected that higher levels of ethnic identity will be associated with lower levels of intent to use substances, delayed initiation of substance use, and lower levels of substance use among African American youth. The results of this study should increase our understanding of within-group disparities in substance use related to exposure to community violence and ethnic identity; identity factors that may promote resiliency in children living in communities of high violence; and aid in the developing ethnic-specific substance abuse prevention and intervention programs for African American adolescents.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DA014984-02S1
Application #
6663304
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDA1 (05))
Program Officer
Chambers, Jessica Campbell
Project Start
2001-09-30
Project End
2004-08-31
Budget Start
2002-09-01
Budget End
2003-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2002
Total Cost
$114,310
Indirect Cost
Name
Howard University
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
056282296
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20059