The aim of this proposal is to study the effects of maternal immunization with a nicotine vaccine on the pharmacokinetics, neurochemical consequences, and behavioral sequelae of gestationally administered nicotine in rats. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a wide range adverse neonatal outcomes. Animal data strongly implicate nicotine as a teratogen and a contributor to these adverse outcomes. It has recently been shown that immunization of adult male rats with a nicotine vaccine can substantially reduce the distribution of acutely or chronically administered nicotine to brain and other organs. Preliminary data suggest that vaccination of female rats can also reduce the distribution of gestationally administered nicotine to fetal brain. The proposed study will address the mechanisms by which vaccination alters nicotine distribution to the fetus, and the magnitude and consequences of this effect under a variety of dosing conditions. The pharmacokinetics of nicotine in the pregnant rat will also be studied to better understand the determinants of fetal nicotine exposure. Specific hypotheses to be tested are that 1) Maternal vaccination reduces the distribution to fetal brain of nicotine administered during gestation using a variety of clinically relevant acute and chronic dosing regimens. 2) Protection of fetal brain from gestational nicotine exposure occurs via two complementary mechanisms; a reduction in unbound nicotine distribution to the fetus, and the transfer of maternal antibody to the fetus which then binds and sequesters nicotine in fetal serum, 3) Vaccination attenuates the increase in fetal brain c-fos mRNA expression associated with chronic gestational nicotine exposure, 4) Vaccination attenuates the increase in neonatal locomotor activity associated with gestational nicotine exposure, and 5) Nicotine clearance is lower in nonpregnant females than in males, but is increased in females during pregnancy. These immunologic, pharmacokinetic, neurochemical and behavioral data will be integrated to help understand the mechanisms by which vaccination alters fetal nicotine distribution, and the clinical potential of vaccination to reduce the teratogenic effects of gestational nicotine exposure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DA015668-02S1
Application #
6800296
Study Section
Human Development Research Subcommittee (NIDA)
Program Officer
Patel, Amrat
Project Start
2002-09-30
Project End
2006-07-31
Budget Start
2003-08-01
Budget End
2004-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$67,043
Indirect Cost
Name
Minneapolis Medical Research Fdn, Inc.
Department
Type
DUNS #
068195064
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55415
Lesage, Mark G; Keyler, Daniel E; Burroughs, Danielle et al. (2007) Effects of pregnancy on nicotine self-administration and nicotine pharmacokinetics in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 194:413-21
LeSage, Mark G; Keyler, Daniel E; Pentel, Paul R (2006) Current status of immunologic approaches to treating tobacco dependence: vaccines and nicotine-specific antibodies. AAPS J 8:E65-75
Pentel, P R; Keyler, D E; Chen, Y et al. (2006) Vaccination against nicotine does not prevent nicotine-induced changes in fetal nicotinic receptor binding and c-fos mRNA expression in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 28:589-96
Keyler, D E; Lesage, M G; Dufek, M B et al. (2006) Changes in maternal and fetal nicotine distribution after maternal administration of monoclonal nicotine-specific antibody to rats. Int Immunopharmacol 6:1665-72
LeSage, Mark G; Gustaf, Erianne; Dufek, Matthew B et al. (2006) Effects of maternal intravenous nicotine administration on locomotor behavior in pre-weanling rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 85:575-83
Keyler, Daniel E; Dufek, Matthew B; Calvin, Andrew D et al. (2005) Reduced nicotine distribution from mother to fetal brain in rats vaccinated against nicotine: time course and influence of nicotine dosing regimen. Biochem Pharmacol 69:1385-95
Nekhayeva, Ilona A; Nanovskaya, Tatiana N; Pentel, Paul R et al. (2005) Effects of nicotine-specific antibodies, Nic311 and Nic-IgG, on the transfer of nicotine across the human placenta. Biochem Pharmacol 70:1664-72