This resubmission of our proposal entitled """"""""The Impact of Neighborhoods, Networks, and Depression on Drug User's HIV Risks (1R01 DA022961-01A1) targets inner-city African Americans who have disproportionately high rates of drug abuse and HIV infection. Among drug users, unprotected sexual activity is increasingly contributing to new HIV infections. Social network characteristics and urban neighborhood conditions of crime, violence, physical decay, drug use, residential mobility, unemployment, incarceration, and crowding may directly and indirectly contribute to HIV transmission. In our prior research, depressive symptoms were found to be a key mediator between neighborhood characteristics and HIV risk behaviors. The major goal of the study is to implement and evaluate a randomized controlled, phase II depression intervention to reduce drug and sexual HIV risk behaviors and depressive symptoms among inner city opiate and crack cocaine users. Another study goal is to examine the relationships among neighborhood characteristics, social network factors, depressive symptoms and other individual-level factors, and HIV risk behaviors among a sample of 700 inner-city crack cocaine and opiate users. The proposed study will allow us to examine the dynamic relationship between depressive symptoms, drug abuse, and drug and sexual HIV risk behaviors. Depression has also been found to be associated with relapse of drug use after drug treatment and deleterious medical conditions. Moreover, among people living with HIV/AIDS, depressive symptoms are linked to lower levels of HIV medical adherence. The experimental intervention, which is based on our prior HIV prevention interventions and pilot depression intervention, will integrate HIV prevention training with cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, targeting depressive cognitions and behaviors that are hypothesized to increase HIV sexual and drug risk behaviors. The proposed study will recruit a sample of 500 crack smokers and 500 injection drug users in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland. The sample will be African American and 40% female. Half of the participants (n=500), those who have high levels of depressive symptoms (CES-D =16), will be randomly assigned to either the 10 session small group experimental intervention or equal attention control group. The control condition will be comprised of a drug overdose prevention training. Participants in the intervention (N=500) and a sample of individuals with low levels of depressive symptoms (n=200) will be assessed at baseline, and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-months. Interviews and specimen testing for HIV antibodies and drug metabolites will be conducted. In addition to survey data, observer ratings of neighborhoods, police crime reports, and census data will be collected. Hierarchical Linear Modeling and Structural Equations Modeling will be used for data analysis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA022961-04
Application #
7869315
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-F (52))
Program Officer
Jenkins, Richard A
Project Start
2007-09-15
Project End
2012-05-31
Budget Start
2010-06-01
Budget End
2011-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$605,201
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Sacamano, Paul; Krawczyk, Noa; Latkin, Carl (2018) Emergency Department Visits in a Cohort of Persons with Substance Use: Incorporating the Role of Social Networks. Subst Use Misuse 53:2265-2269
Rao, Amrita; Tobin, Karin; Davey-Rothwell, Melissa et al. (2017) Social Desirability Bias and Prevalence of Sexual HIV Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: Implications for Identifying Individuals Prone to Underreporting Sexual Risk Behaviors. AIDS Behav 21:2207-2214
Latkin, Carl A; Edwards, Catie; Davey-Rothwell, Melissa A et al. (2017) The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland. Addict Behav 73:133-136
Yang, Yi; Yang, Cui; Latkin, Carl A et al. (2016) Condom Use During Commercial Sex Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Sichuan China: A Social Cognitive Theory Analysis. AIDS Behav 20:2309-2317
Allem, Jon-Patrick; Ayers, John W; Unger, Jennifer B et al. (2015) The environment modifies the relationship between social networks and secondhand smoke exposure among Korean nonsmokers in Seoul and California. Asia Pac J Public Health 27:NP437-47
Latkin, Carl; Donnell, Deborah; Liu, Ting-Yuan et al. (2013) The dynamic relationship between social norms and behaviors: the results of an HIV prevention network intervention for injection drug users. Addiction 108:934-43
Latkin, Carl A; Yang, Cui; Tobin, Karin E et al. (2013) Injection drug users' and their risk networks' experiences of and attitudes towards drug dealer violence in Baltimore, Maryland. Int J Drug Policy 24:135-41
Davey-Rothwell, Melissa A; Villarroel, Maria A; Grieb, Suzanne D et al. (2013) Norms, attitudes, and sex behaviors among women with incarcerated main partners. J Urban Health 90:1151-65
Latkin, Carl; Davey-Rothwell, Melissa; Yang, Jing-yan et al. (2013) The relationship between drug user stigma and depression among inner-city drug users in Baltimore, MD. J Urban Health 90:147-56
Latkin, Carl; Yang, Cui; Ehrhardt, Britt et al. (2013) The epidemiology of finding a dead body: reports from inner-city Baltimore, Maryland US. Community Ment Health J 49:106-9

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