Humans are able to hear across a wide range of sound levels, both in quiet and in the presence of background noise. The auditory system may achieve this wide dynamic range by turning down its response when there is ongoing sound. Although there is physiological evidence for a feedback loop to the cochlea which adjusts gain in a frequency-specific manner, its function in human behavior is not well understood. Temporal effects have been measured in simultaneous masking which would be consistent with a decrease in amplification (gain) with sound stimulation. It is not clear whether these temporal effects are due to the processing of the feedback system. The proposed research examines this important question in light of more recent evidence about the peripheral auditory system. The experiments are designed so that measures related to gain in the cochlea, input-output functions and suppression, may be estimated with and without preceding acoustic stimulation designed to activate the feedback system. Listeners with normal hearing and listeners with mild cochlear hearing loss will be tested in the experiments. The hearing-impaired listeners provide an interesting control case in which the amplification in some frequency channels has been permanently decreased. The data will be analyzed within a well-established physiologically-based model of the peripheral auditory system, to determine whether temporal effects are consistent with a decrease in gain within the auditory channel which is stimulated. This research is important to our understanding of basic auditory processing in normal hearing, and the effects of cochlear hearing impairment. Listeners with normal hearing may have a type of automatic amplification control that works independently in each of the thousands of auditory channels in the cochlea. This gain control could help in the perception of speech in background noise, by improving the signal-to-noise ratio within a channel, and by turning down channels containing only noise. The loss of this mechanism could help explain why listeners with cochlear hearing impairment have particular problems in background noise. This research could suggest novel processing strategies that might be used in hearing aids and cochlear implants to improve perception in background noise.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research examines the hypothesis that listeners with normal hearing may have a type of automatic gain control that works independently in each of the thousands of auditory channels in the cochlea. This gain control could help in the perception of speech in background noise, by improving the signal-to-noise ratio within a channel, and by turning down channels containing only noise. The loss of this mechanism could help explain why listeners with cochlear hearing impairment have particular problems in background noise; therefore this research could suggest novel processing strategies that might be used in hearing aids and cochlear implants to improve perception in background noise.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DC008327-06A1
Application #
9106947
Study Section
Auditory System Study Section (AUD)
Program Officer
Donahue, Amy
Project Start
2006-07-01
Project End
2021-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Purdue University
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
072051394
City
West Lafayette
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
47907
Verschooten, Eric; Strickland, Elizabeth A; Verhaert, Nicolas et al. (2017) Assessment of Ipsilateral Efferent Effects in Human via ECochG. Front Neurosci 11:331
Hegland, Erica L; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2016) Aging Effects on Behavioural Estimates of Suppression with Short Suppressors. Adv Exp Med Biol 894:9-17
Roverud, Elin; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2015) The effects of ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral broadband noise on the mid-level hump in intensity discrimination. J Acoust Soc Am 138:3245-61
Roverud, Elin; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2015) Exploring the source of the mid-level hump for intensity discrimination in quiet and the effects of noise. J Acoust Soc Am 137:1318-35
Bidelman, Gavin M; Jennings, Skyler G; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2015) PsyAcoustX: A flexible MATLAB(®) package for psychoacoustics research. Front Psychol 6:1498
Smalt, Christopher J; Heinz, Michael G; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2014) Modeling the time-varying and level-dependent effects of the medial olivocochlear reflex in auditory nerve responses. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 15:159-73
Roverud, Elin; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2014) Accounting for nonmonotonic precursor duration effects with gain reduction in the temporal window model. J Acoust Soc Am 135:1321-34
Roverud, Elin M; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2013) Modeling effects of precursor duration on behavioral estimates of cochlear gain. Adv Exp Med Biol 787:55-63
Chintanpalli, Ananthakrishna; Jennings, Skyler G; Heinz, Michael G et al. (2012) Modeling the anti-masking effects of the olivocochlear reflex in auditory nerve responses to tones in sustained noise. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 13:219-35
Jennings, Skyler G; Strickland, Elizabeth A (2012) Evaluating the effects of olivocochlear feedback on psychophysical measures of frequency selectivity. J Acoust Soc Am 132:2483-96

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