The long-term objective of this proposal is to explore how the nuclear receptors of thyroid hormones regulate the expression of specific cellular genes. There are two major types of thyroid hormone receptors, TRalpha and TRbeta. These receptors function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. Hormone-free TRs actively repress transcription of genes bearing TR-response elements. Ligand binding to the receptor triggers the release of transcriptional silencing an leads to the activation of target gene expression.
The specific aims of this proposal are to: (1) Define the components that are necessary to reconstitute TRbeta-directed silencing of target gene transcription ina purified cell-free system. TRbeta mediated silencing of a target gene and its hormone-induced reversal have been reconstituted in cell-free HeLa nuclear extracts. Recent experiments suggests the existence of a regulatory molecular that interacts with the C- terminal ligand binding domain (LBD) of TRbeta and is essential for efficient receptor-mediated silencing. This soluble corepressor activity will be purified from HeLa nuclear extracts and its biochemical and functional properties will be analyzed. A well-defined cell-free system will be reconstituted by combining highly purified receptor, corepressor, RNA polymerase II and other basal transcription factors. (2) Map the functional domains of TRbeta involved in transcriptional silencing. To locate precisely the region(s) that constitute this function, extensive mutagenesis will be performed within the 300 amino acid long LBD of TRbeta. The mutant proteins will be expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The silencing activities of these mutants will be analyzed in a cell-free transcription system. Natural mutations in hTRbeta gene have been identified in human patients with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH). Many of these mutants are impaired in ligand binding activity and therefore may function as constitutive silencers of genes regulated by wild-type TR or related nuclear receptors. Known GRTH mutants will be expressed in E. coli and their silencing activities will be analyzed. These experiments will allow us to determine whether constitutive silencing by these mutant receptors contribute to the perturbation of wild-type receptor activity in the heterozygous kindreds with GRTH syndromes. (3) Define the mechanisms by which TRbeta interacts with the components of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery to silence target gene transcription. Recent studies indicate that unliganded TRbeta arrests the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex at the target promoter. SA major focus of this proposal is to identify the assembling complex (es) that are targets of inhibition by TRbeta during the stepwise generation of the preinitiation complex. The interactions of the receptor with these core complexes and modulatory effects of thyroid hormone on these interactions will be investigated by protein-protein interaction assays. The functional consequence of these interactions will be monitored by cell-free transcription experiments. The proposed research will help us to understand the fundamental mechanisms that determine the gene regulatory activity of TR in normal cellular physiology and in human disease states such as GRTH.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK050257-01
Application #
2151311
Study Section
Biochemical Endocrinology Study Section (BCE)
Project Start
1995-08-01
Project End
1999-07-31
Budget Start
1995-08-01
Budget End
1996-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Population Council
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10017
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Cheon, Yong-Pil; DeMayo, Francesco J; Bagchi, Milan K et al. (2004) Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-2beta, a cysteine protease inhibitor in decidua: a potential regulator of embryo implantation. J Biol Chem 279:10357-63
Liu, Xue-Feng; Bagchi, Milan K (2004) Recruitment of distinct chromatin-modifying complexes by tamoxifen-complexed estrogen receptor at natural target gene promoters in vivo. J Biol Chem 279:15050-8
Chen, Dahu; Xu, Xueping; Cheon, Yong-Pil et al. (2004) Estrogen induces expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in rat uterus. Biol Reprod 71:508-14
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Cheon, Yong-Pil; Xu, Xueping; Bagchi, Milan K et al. (2003) Immune-responsive gene 1 is a novel target of progesterone receptor and plays a critical role during implantation in the mouse. Endocrinology 144:5623-30
Li, Quanxi; Wang, Jun; Armant, D Randall et al. (2002) Calcitonin down-regulates E-cadherin expression in rodent uterine epithelium during implantation. J Biol Chem 277:46447-55
Kumar, S; Angervo, M; Bagchi, M K et al. (2001) Isolation of steroid-regulated genes from the uterus by mRNA differential display. Methods Mol Biol 176:105-17
Kumar, S; Li, Q; Dua, A et al. (2001) Messenger ribonucleic acid encoding interferon-inducible guanylate binding protein 1 is induced in human endometrium within the putative window of implantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:2420-7
Li, Q; Zhang, M; Kumar, S et al. (2001) Identification and implantation stage-specific expression of an interferon-alpha-regulated gene in human and rat endometrium. Endocrinology 142:2390-400

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