Protein phosphorylation regulates many processes in animal cells. Protein kinases and phosphatases coordinately control the phosphorylation state of cellular proteins. Mechanisms that can temporarily dampen counteracting phosphatases can further amplify hormonal signals. We have investigated phosphatase inhibitor-1 (I-1) as a prototype mechanism for direct communication between a protein kinase and a phosphatase. Increases in cAMP levels activate PKA and promote phosphorylation and activation of I-1. This results in the inhibition of a major cellular phosphatase, PP1. Coordination of PKA and PP1 functions by I-1 greatly amplifies the cAMP signal, as demonstrated by expression of activated I-1 in cells which increases their sensitivity to cAMP and prolongs their physiological response. However, the molecular basis for I-1 s function as a PP1 regulator remains poorly understood. The investigators will undertake detailed structure-activity analysis of recombinant human I-1 to define its mode of action. A specific goal of the investigators' studies is to generate forms of I-1 and PP1 with altered regulatory properties. Expression of mutant and wild-type proteins in cells will further define I-1's role in cell signaling. Environmental toxins that inhibit the major cellular phosphatases, including PP1, have not only emphasized the physiological importance of endogenous inhibitors like I-1 but have raised the possibility that I-1 deregulation may contribute to human disease. Defining the functional interactions between I-1 and PP1 will lead to the design of dominate negative reagents that will be used not only to elucidate I-1 s role in normal physiology but reverse deleterious effects on I-1 overexpression. These studies are relevant to targeting phosphatases to modulate hormonal responses and ameliorate metabolic dysfunctions in many human diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK052054-03
Application #
2856802
Study Section
Metabolism Study Section (MET)
Program Officer
Sato, Sheryl M
Project Start
1997-01-01
Project End
2001-12-31
Budget Start
1999-02-01
Budget End
1999-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
071723621
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
Brush, Matthew H; Shenolikar, Shirish (2008) Control of cellular GADD34 levels by the 26S proteasome. Mol Cell Biol 28:6989-7000
Roadcap, David W; Brush, Matthew H; Shenolikar, Shirish (2007) Identification of cellular protein phosphatase-1 regulators. Methods Mol Biol 365:181-96
Gibbons, Jennifer A; Kozubowski, Lukasz; Tatchell, Kelly et al. (2007) Expression of human protein phosphatase-1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae highlights the role of phosphatase isoforms in regulating eukaryotic functions. J Biol Chem 282:21838-47
Gibbons, Jennifer A; Weiser, Douglas C; Shenolikar, Shirish (2005) Importance of a surface hydrophobic pocket on protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit in recognizing cellular regulators. J Biol Chem 280:15903-11
Brush, Matthew H; Guardiola, Amaris; Connor, John H et al. (2004) Deactylase inhibitors disrupt cellular complexes containing protein phosphatases and deacetylases. J Biol Chem 279:7685-91
Weiser, Douglas C; Sikes, Suzanne; Li, Shi et al. (2004) The inhibitor-1 C terminus facilitates hormonal regulation of cellular protein phosphatase-1: functional implications for inhibitor-1 isoforms. J Biol Chem 279:48904-14
Brush, Matthew H; Weiser, Douglas C; Shenolikar, Shirish (2003) Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 targets protein phosphatase 1 alpha to the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2. Mol Cell Biol 23:1292-303
Margolis, Seth S; Walsh, Susan; Weiser, Douglas C et al. (2003) PP1 control of M phase entry exerted through 14-3-3-regulated Cdc25 dephosphorylation. EMBO J 22:5734-45
Leach, Craig; Shenolikar, Shirish; Brautigan, David L (2003) Phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor-2 at centrosomes during mitosis. J Biol Chem 278:26015-20
Kang-Park, Maeng-Hee; Sarda, Meredith A; Jones, Katherine H et al. (2003) Protein phosphatases mediate depotentiation induced by high-intensity theta-burst stimulation. J Neurophysiol 89:684-90

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