The major function of the colonic epithelium is to conserve water and electrolytes by maintaining a balance between fluid secretion and absorption. This colonic function is especially important in newborns, where reserves are small. Secretion across most epithelia is governed by C1- transport mechanisms and is regulated by second messengers such as cyclic nucleotides and calcium. Calcium-dependent secretagogues are responsible for the minute-by-minute regulation of ion transport needed in the intestine. However, not much is known about the regulation of C1- secretion in the developing mammal. There is intriguing, albeit sparse, evidence in some tissues that Ca2+ signaling may be postnatally regulated. The few studies on ontogeny of C1- secretion were conducted in the rabbit distal colon and showed that bile acids such as taurodeoxycholate (TDC) stimulate CF transport in the adult but not in the neonate. Ca2+ and cAMP were implicated as mediators of TDC action. To elucidate the cellular basis of the age-related regulation of C1- transport, this laboratory investigated the effects of cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent secretagogues in primary cultures of epithelial cells (colonocytes) isolated from the distal colon of newborn (NBN), weanling (WN) and adult (AD) rabbits. The salient findings were as follows: Cyclic AMP stimulated CF transport at all ages. However Ca2+-dependent secretagogues, such as neurotensin (NT), stimulated C1 transport in AD, but not in WN or NBN colonocytes. In parallel, NT increased [Ca2+], in AD but not in WN colonocytes. Similarly, TDC increased Ca2+, but not cAMP, and stimulated CF transport in AD, but not in WN or NBN colonocytes. In contrast, calcium ionophore stimulated C1- transport at all ages, implying that the distal steps in Ca2+ signaling are functional in the young animal. Examination of the proximal steps, i.e., receptor/G-protein activation of phospholipase C to IP3 to Ca2+ stores, revealed that the weanling animal had sufficient Ca2+ stores to stimulate CF transport. However, NT and TDC increased [IP3]i in AD, but not in WN, colonocytes despite the presence of PLCbeta and gamma proteins at all ages. NT activated Galphaq in both AD and WN colonocytes, but TDC, even in the adult, does not stimulate Galphaq. Therefore, it is hypothesized that multiple pathways in IP3 generation and action are ontogenetically regulated in the postnatal colon to provide protection against excessive loss of fluid in response to its changing milieu. This proposal will test this hypothesis as follows:
Aim I involves identification of the PLC isoforms activated by NT and TDC in AD and determination of the tissue specificity, time course and factors contributing to the age-dependent responsiveness of PLC leading to C1- transport.
Aim II is an examination of whether other steps in Ca2+ signaling, such as IP3 receptors and other inositol phosphates, contribute to the age-dependent appearance of Ca2+-mediated CF transport.
Aim III is a characterization, including age-dependence, of TDC interaction with colonocytes and of the kinase cascade(s) involved in NT- and TDC-stimulated [Ca2+]i and CF transport. By delineating the """"""""protective"""""""" mechanisms that the developing gut has evolved to meet the challenges of its environment, these studies will provide important insights for devising ways to combat the life-threatening chronic diarrheas of infants.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK058135-01A1
Application #
6327419
Study Section
General Medicine A Subcommittee 2 (GMA)
Program Officer
May, Michael K
Project Start
2001-06-01
Project End
2006-05-31
Budget Start
2001-06-01
Budget End
2002-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
$279,862
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
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Boonkaewwan, Chaiwat; Ao, Mei; Toskulkao, Chaivat et al. (2008) Specific immunomodulatory and secretory activities of stevioside and steviol in intestinal cells. J Agric Food Chem 56:3777-84
Kanchanapoo, Jainuch; Ao, Mei; Prasad, Roli et al. (2007) Role of protein kinase C-delta in the age-dependent secretagogue action of bile acids in mammalian colon. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293:C1851-61
Carlos, Maria A; Nwagwu, Chimnoya; Ao, Mei et al. (2007) Epidermal growth factor stimulates chloride transport in primary cultures of weanling and adult rabbit colonocytes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 44:300-11
Weihrauch, Dirk; Kanchanapoo, Jainuch; Ao, Mei et al. (2006) Weanling, but not adult, rabbit colon absorbs bile acids: flux is linked to expression of putative bile acid transporters. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G439-50
Prasad, Roli; Venkatasubramanian, Jayashree; Amde, Milen et al. (2004) Phospholipase C and src tyrosine kinases mediate neurotensin-stimulated Cl- secretion in rabbit proximal colon. Dig Dis Sci 49:1318-26
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