Mitochondria play a key role as b-cell nutrient integrators. One of the manifestations of diabetes is the gradual reduction in mitochondrial capacity to produce signals in response to fuels. The cause of this gradual deterioration is not yet understood. The goal of this study is to determine the mechanism of deterioration in mitochondrial function during development of b-cell dysfunction and diabetes. This study takes advantage of our recent findings in b-cell models of diabetes demonstrating the appearance of an inactive subpopulation of mitochondria within each individual cell accompanied by a drastic reduction in the ability of all mitochondria to interact through fusion and fission. We have found that induction of fusion and fission proteins in b-cells prevents the appearance of inactive units, promotes larger webs and leads to Functional homogeneity. Fusion and fission events, together termed """"""""mitochondrial dynamics"""""""" (MtDy), have been shown in other cell types to be essential for bioenergetic performance and Ca2+ delivery throughout the mitochondrial web. Moreover, MtDy has been shown to control the propagation of ROS induced apoptotic signaling across the mitochondria) network. We have developed methods that allow us to label and track individual mitochondria, observe fusion and fission events, and quantify the mitochondrial network, while simultaneously monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Our preliminary studies demonstrate that b-cells have high mitochondrial networking activity manifested by frequent fusion and fission. Moreover, following fission, mitochondria with compromised membrane potential are irreversibly segregated, suggesting that MtDy serve as a quality control mechanism. We hypothesize that mitochondrial fusion and fission serve to communicate glucose-induced metabolic signals through the mitochondrial web. Environmental factors that induce diabetes, such as glucolipotoxicity (GLT). impair MtDv. resulting in gradual deterioration of mitochondrial function that is manifested by the generation of a subpopulation of mitochondria with reduced levels of activity. We will: (A) Test the prediction that altering MtDy will affect b-cell responses to glucose and GLT in culture and in cells from diabetic animals;(B) Determine factors that regulate MtDy in b-cells and identify nutrition parameters and metabolic pathways that function as the mediators;and (C) Determine the role of MtDy in calcium delivery to mitochondria during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and in damage repair and quality control of the mitochondrial population within the b-cell under GLT. This study explores the mechanism of diabetes. It will test a new hypothesis for its pathophysiology and identify potential new drug targets for diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK074778-05
Application #
7745518
Study Section
Integrative Physiology of Obesity and Diabetes Study Section (IPOD)
Program Officer
Appel, Michael C
Project Start
2007-02-01
Project End
2011-11-30
Budget Start
2009-12-01
Budget End
2010-11-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$393,533
Indirect Cost
Name
Boston Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
005492160
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02118
Taddeo, Evan P; Stiles, Linsey; Sereda, Samuel et al. (2018) Individual islet respirometry reveals functional diversity within the islet population of mice and human donors. Mol Metab 16:150-159
Schwartz, Stanley S; Epstein, Solomon; Corkey, Barbara E et al. (2016) The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes: Rationale and Implications of the ?-Cell-Centric Classification Schema. Diabetes Care 39:179-86
Berdan, Charles A; Erion, Karel A; Burritt, Nathan E et al. (2016) Inhibition of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity Decreases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in INS-1 (832/13) Cells and Rat Islets. PLoS One 11:e0149008
Trudeau, Kyle M; Colby, Aaron H; Zeng, Jialiu et al. (2016) Lysosome acidification by photoactivated nanoparticles restores autophagy under lipotoxicity. J Cell Biol 214:25-34
Cerqueira, Fernanda M; Chausse, Bruno; Baranovski, Boris M et al. (2016) Diluted serum from calorie-restricted animals promotes mitochondrial ?-cell adaptations and protect against glucolipotoxicity. FEBS J 283:822-33
Forni, Maria Fernanda; Peloggia, Julia; Trudeau, Kyle et al. (2016) Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment to Differentiation Is Regulated by Mitochondrial Dynamics. Stem Cells 34:743-55
Deeney, Jude T; Belkina, Anna C; Shirihai, Orian S et al. (2016) BET Bromodomain Proteins Brd2, Brd3 and Brd4 Selectively Regulate Metabolic Pathways in the Pancreatic ?-Cell. PLoS One 11:e0151329
Shirihai, Orian S; Song, Moshi; Dorn 2nd, Gerald W (2015) How mitochondrial dynamism orchestrates mitophagy. Circ Res 116:1835-49
Qiu, Wei; Liesa, Marc; Carpenter, Elizabeth P et al. (2015) ATP Binding and Hydrolysis Properties of ABCB10 and Their Regulation by Glutathione. PLoS One 10:e0129772
Wikstrom, Jakob D; Mahdaviani, Kiana; Liesa, Marc et al. (2014) Hormone-induced mitochondrial fission is utilized by brown adipocytes as an amplification pathway for energy expenditure. EMBO J 33:418-36

Showing the most recent 10 out of 52 publications