Loss of functional enteric neurons results in clinical disorders such as achalasia, gastroparesis, neuropathic forms of pseudoobstruction, enteric neuronal dysplasia, colonic inertia and Hirschsprung's disease. Despite the lack of significant neurogenesis in vivo in these conditions, there is growing evidence to suggest the existence of multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) in abundant numbers in the gut. Several investigators including ourselves have shown that these cells, which have some phenotypical markers typical of glia, are capable of robust neurogenesis in vitro. We have now shown that enteric ganglia in longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparations display neurogenesis and this is even more pronounced in completely dissociated NPC preparations in culture. We have identified enteric neural precursors in vivo and in vitro and our preliminary studies implicate phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these cells as the major brake on neurogenesis in vivo. Further collagen IV when added to LMMP preparations can have a profound inhibitory effect on neurogenesis. Thus it is logical to hypothesize that the discrepancy between the in vivo and ex vivo situation can be explained by factors in the microenvironment that regulate PTEN. In this proposal we therefore intend to examine the effects of collagen IV and downstream pathways including integrin, FAK and RhoA/ROCK which may drive PTEN activity, checking enteric neurogenesis in vivo, via the following specific aims:
Specific Aim 1 : To determine the interactions between extrinsic (collagen) and intrinsic (PTEN) brakes on neurogenesis in health and disease Specific Aim 2: To examine the effects of countering intrinsic and extrinsic brakes on enteric neurogenesis in vivo in health and disease Specific Aim 3: To examine the effects of manipulating selected key components of these pathways on survival and function of allogeneic enteric NSC (ENSC) transplants Our long-term objective is to develop neuronal transplantation as a treatment for human diseases of the enteric nervous system as well as stimulate neural regeneration in these disorders. By establishing a role for PTEN and related pathways the proposed studies will provide the critical groundwork for novel therapeutic interventions.

Public Health Relevance

Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are common and pose a significant burden of disease on our society. An ideal strategy for these disorders is to restore nerve function by regenerating new nerve cells or otherwise, by transplanting neural stem cells. It is the purpose of this proposal to study this approach experimentally and determine the biological factors that can optimize these methods for therapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK080920-07
Application #
9098728
Study Section
Clinical, Integrative and Molecular Gastroenterology Study Section (CIMG)
Program Officer
Greenwel, Patricia
Project Start
2008-04-01
Project End
2018-06-30
Budget Start
2016-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
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Kulkarni, Subhash; Micci, Maria-Adelaide; Leser, Jenna et al. (2017) Adult enteric nervous system in health is maintained by a dynamic balance between neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E3709-E3718
Rakhilin, Nikolai; Barth, Bradley; Choi, Jiahn et al. (2016) Simultaneous optical and electrical in vivo analysis of the enteric nervous system. Nat Commun 7:11800
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Becker, Laren; Peterson, Johann; Kulkarni, Subhash et al. (2013) Ex vivo neurogenesis within enteric ganglia occurs in a PTEN dependent manner. PLoS One 8:e59452
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Chiu, Y-C; Hua, T-E; Fu, Y-Y et al. (2012) 3-D imaging and illustration of the perfusive mouse islet sympathetic innervation and its remodelling in injury. Diabetologia 55:3252-61
Becker, Laren; Kulkarni, Subhash; Tiwari, Gunjan et al. (2012) Divergent fate and origin of neurosphere-like bodies from different layers of the gut. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302:G958-65

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