Hunger is typically elicited by negative energy balance, and causes a state of increased motivation to seek out, work for, and eat food. Hunger biases attention toward food-associated cues (e.g. candy bar wrappers) so that calorie-dense foods can be found and consumed in order to restore energy balance. Enhanced behavioral sensitivity to food cues remains a major obstacle to weight-loss programs involving food restriction, and can even persist in satiated individuals suffering from obesity or eating disorders. Despite the clinical importance of this phenomenon, the cellular and circuit mechanisms by which hunger biases cognitive processing towards food-predicting cues remain largely unknown. A key brain area known to integrate information about internal bodily states such as hunger with external sensory cues to drive goal-directed behavior is the insular cortex (IC). Neuroimaging studies in humans have consistently found that hunger-dependent increases in the incentive value of visual food cues correlates with increased food-cue-evoked responses in IC. In rodents, an intact IC is critical for learned food-predicting cues to induce food-seeking behavior, potentially due to its role in the retrieval of the incentive value of these cues. The overarching goal of this proposal is to define the neural pathways by which hunger selectively enhances responses to food cues in IC. One promising starting point for this pathway is the set of hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons that integrates interoceptive signals of negative energy balance. Hunger-related behaviors are restored in sated mice by activation of these neurons. Moreover, hunger-related enhancement of food-cue responses in IC are restored in sated human subjects by systemic injection of ghrelin, a hunger-stimulating hormone that activates AgRP neurons. We will combine reversible manipulation of AgRP neuron activity with a new imaging approach we developed for long- term imaging of the activity of individual neurons in mouse IC across slowly-changing motivational states.
In Aim 1, we will test whether visual food cue responses in specific subsets of IC neurons are (i) selectively enhanced by food restriction, (ii) strongly attenuated by satiety, and (iii) restored by chemogenetic activation of AgRP neurons.
In Aim 2, we will determine whether basolateral amygdala axons in IC (BLA?IC) are a necessary source of hunger-dependent food-cue information, via long-term imaging and optogenetic silencing of BLA?IC axons.
In Aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that AgRP neurons projecting to the paraventricular thalamus (AgRP?PVT) mediate hunger-dependent modulation of food-cue responses in IC by inhibiting PVT inputs to BLA, using innovative circuit mapping techniques in brain slices and in vivo, together with optogenetic stimulation and silencing of AgRP?PVT neurons. This work should greatly advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which hunger exerts its potent effects on processing of food-related cues in IC, ultimately driving cravings, excessive eating, and obesity. More generally, these experiments establish a framework for understanding how the needs of the body drive flexible, goal-oriented processing of sensory information in IC.

Public Health Relevance

Human brain imaging studies suggest that advertisements that drive food cravings boost processing of food-associated images in specific brain regions including the insular cortex, particularly in states of hunger. This proposal uses novel imaging methods in mice to identify the specific insular cortex neurons involved, and the specific brain pathways by which hunger influences these neurons. A detailed understanding of this circuit could lead to new therapeutic targets for obesity, by selectively dampening cravings induced by images associated with high- calorie foods.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK109930-03
Application #
9518888
Study Section
Neurobiology of Motivated Behavior Study Section (NMB)
Program Officer
Stoeckel, Luke
Project Start
2016-07-19
Project End
2021-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071723621
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Tyssowski, Kelsey M; DeStefino, Nicholas R; Cho, Jin-Hyung et al. (2018) Different Neuronal Activity Patterns Induce Different Gene Expression Programs. Neuron 98:530-546.e11
Ramesh, Rohan N; Burgess, Christian R; Sugden, Arthur U et al. (2018) Intermingled Ensembles in Visual Association Cortex Encode Stimulus Identity or Predicted Outcome. Neuron 100:900-915.e9
Burgess, Christian R; Livneh, Yoav; Ramesh, Rohan N et al. (2018) Gating of visual processing by physiological need. Curr Opin Neurobiol 49:16-23
Liang, Liang; Fratzl, Alex; Goldey, Glenn et al. (2018) A Fine-Scale Functional Logic to Convergence from Retina to Thalamus. Cell 173:1343-1355.e24
Mandelblat-Cerf, Yael; Kim, Angela; Burgess, Christian R et al. (2017) Bidirectional Anticipation of Future Osmotic Challenges by Vasopressin Neurons. Neuron 93:57-65
Andermann, Mark L; Lowell, Bradford B (2017) Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control. Neuron 95:757-778
Livneh, Yoav; Ramesh, Rohan N; Burgess, Christian R et al. (2017) Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex. Nature 546:611-616
Garfield, Alastair S; Shah, Bhavik P; Burgess, Christian R et al. (2016) Dynamic GABAergic afferent modulation of AgRP neurons. Nat Neurosci 19:1628-1635
Burgess, Christian R; Ramesh, Rohan N; Sugden, Arthur U et al. (2016) Hunger-Dependent Enhancement of Food Cue Responses in Mouse Postrhinal Cortex and Lateral Amygdala. Neuron 91:1154-1169
Jikomes, Nick; Ramesh, Rohan N; Mandelblat-Cerf, Yael et al. (2016) Preemptive Stimulation of AgRP Neurons in Fed Mice Enables Conditioned Food Seeking under Threat. Curr Biol 26:2500-2507