The goal of this project is to decipher the mucin glycan code that regulates microbial virulence. A layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus is a key defense mechanism on epithelial linings such as on the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. The exceptional molecular diversity and complexity of glycans associated with mucin polymers, the gel-forming building blocks of mucus, has been recognized for decades. However, their potential for regulating interactions between a host and its associated microbes has barely been tapped because the individual bioactivities of glycans have been intractable to analysis. Our results from the past funding period support a central role for mucin glycans in host protection by regulating cross-kingdom virulence; our results also strongly support the relevance and feasibility of the proposed efforts to identify the glycan structures and mechanisms responsible for antivirulence effects. We propose to combine functional analysis with bottom-up engineering of mucin-like glycans and polymers to unravel the design principles of glycan signals and the mucin regulatory code. This knowledge will empower us to begin to elucidate, and ultimately harness, the myriad biological consequences of glycans and mucins on microbes and their hosts.
In Aim 1, we will harvest bioactive glycans from mucins to generate annotated libraries from isolated mucin O-glycans for functional analysis from the major mucosal surfaces in the body, including the mouth, lungs, and digestive tract. These libraries will allow, for the first time, functional studies to obtain insight into mechanisms and chemistries of O- glycans that affect host-microbe interactions, such as glycan size, specific residue sequence, glycan linkages, and geometry.
In Aim 2, we will identify the mechanisms by which mucin O-glycans attenuate virulence in two important human mucosal pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, which are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment.
In Aim 3, we will characterize the anti-virulence effects of mucin O-glycans in a well-established pre-clinical in vivo infection model.
In Aim 4, we will integrate the knowledge from Aims 1- 3 to engineer prioritized O-linked glycosylated mucin-like polymers with previously unattainable precision. This project directly addresses an urgent health care problem: antimicrobial resistance is spreading rapidly and demands new approaches to combat problematic pathogens. We expect to deliver new concrete chemical design parameters and molecules to manage two problematic pathogens that are becoming increasingly resistant to treatments. The multidisciplinary team has the expertise necessary for combining fundamental science questions with pre-clinical validation and cutting-edge engineering applications: a biologist with experimental and theoretical expertise in mucus hydrogel systems, a microbiologist with expertise in in vivo infection models, and a chemist with expertise in controlled glycan and polymer synthesis and characterization.

Public Health Relevance

A layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus is a key defense mechanism on epithelial linings such as on the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. The exceptional molecular diversity and complexity of mucin-associated glycans has been recognized for decades, but their potential for regulating interactions between a host and its associated microbes has barely been tapped because the individual bioactivities of glycans have been intractable to analysis. This proposal will combine functional analysis with bottom-up engineering of mucin-like glycans and polymers to unravel the design principles of glycan signals and the mucin regulatory code, empowering us to begin to elucidate, and ultimately harness, the myriad biological consequences of glycans and mucins on microbes and their hosts.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01EB017755-05
Application #
9739510
Study Section
Biomaterials and Biointerfaces Study Section (BMBI)
Program Officer
Rampulla, David
Project Start
2013-09-30
Project End
2023-01-31
Budget Start
2019-05-01
Budget End
2020-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department
Engineering (All Types)
Type
Biomed Engr/Col Engr/Engr Sta
DUNS #
001425594
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02142
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Goodrich, Carl P; Brenner, Michael P; Ribbeck, Katharina (2018) Enhanced diffusion by binding to the crosslinks of a polymer gel. Nat Commun 9:4348
Witten, Jacob; Samad, Tahoura; Ribbeck, Katharina (2018) Selective permeability of mucus barriers. Curr Opin Biotechnol 52:124-133
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Chen, Wesley G; Witten, Jacob; Grindy, Scott C et al. (2017) Charge Influences Substrate Recognition and Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic FG Sequences. Biophys J 113:2088-2099
Samad, Tahoura; Billings, Nicole; Birjiniuk, Alona et al. (2017) Swimming bacteria promote dispersal of non-motile staphylococcal species. ISME J 11:1933-1937
Smith-Dupont, K B; Wagner, C E; Witten, J et al. (2017) Probing the potential of mucus permeability to signify preterm birth risk. Sci Rep 7:10302
Wagner, Caroline E; Turner, Bradley S; Rubinstein, Michael et al. (2017) A Rheological Study of the Association and Dynamics of MUC5AC Gels. Biomacromolecules 18:3654-3664
Frenkel, Erica Shapiro; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017) Salivary mucins promote the coexistence of competing oral bacterial species. ISME J 11:1286-1290
Witten, Jacob; Ribbeck, Katharina (2017) The particle in the spider's web: transport through biological hydrogels. Nanoscale 9:8080-8095

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