Experimental studies will be performed to determine the range of sizes of the bronchial and alveolar airspaces in human lungs and the effects of variations in airspace dimensions on the regional deposition of inhaled particles. Measurements of in vivo particle deposition will be made, for both cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, with monodisperse aerosols of triphenyl phosphate and ferric oxide, the latter being tagged with 99mTc or 198Au. Concurrently, a series of sequential measurements will be made on the freshly excised lungs of adult smokers, nonsmokers, and children dying accidentally, and on hollow airway casts and tissue sections made from these lungs. Measurements will include: respiratory mechanical function, airspace sizes using aerosol probes, bronchial airway morphometry on solid lung casts, intrabronchial deposition patterns in hollow airway casts, and alveolar airspace dimension on lung sections. In addition, similar techniques will be applied in tests performed on donkeys, involving in vivo aerosol deposition, sacrifice, tests of mechanical function and aerosol deposition in their excised lungs, preparation of lung casts and tissue sections, and measurements of particle deposition and airspace sizes in them. Direct comparisons will be between in vivo airspace sizes and those measured in the casts and sections, and between airspace sizes and particle deposition. The results of all of these tests will be incorporated into predictive deposition models which take anatomic variability into account, including variability associated with age, cigarette smoking, and constitutional factors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01ES000881-12S1
Application #
3249441
Study Section
Pathology A Study Section (PTHA)
Project Start
1982-09-29
Project End
1986-08-31
Budget Start
1984-09-01
Budget End
1986-08-31
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
1985
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10012
Fang, C P; Lippmann, M; Scheuch, G et al. (1995) Effect of flow rate on aerosol bolus penetration in a hollow canine lung airway cast. Exp Lung Res 21:547-58
Lippmann, M (1994) Deposition and retention of inhaled fibres: effects on incidence of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Occup Environ Med 51:793-8
Lippmann, M (1994) Nature of exposure to chrysotile. Ann Occup Hyg 38:459-67, 408
Fang, C P; Wilson, J E; Spektor, D M et al. (1993) Effect of lung airway branching pattern and gas composition on particle deposition in bronchial airways: III. Experimental studies with radioactively tagged aerosol in human and canine lungs. Exp Lung Res 19:377-96
Cohen, B S; Sussman, R G; Lippmann, M (1993) Factors affecting distribution of airflow in a human tracheobronchial cast. Respir Physiol 93:261-78
Briant, J K; Lippmann, M (1992) Particle transport through a hollow canine airway cast by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Exp Lung Res 18:385-407
Cantor, J O; Keller, S; Cerreta, J M et al. (1990) The effect of 60% oxygen on air-space enlargement and cross-linked elastin synthesis in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:668-73
Lippmann, M (1990) Man-made mineral fibers (MMMF): human exposures and health risk assessment. Toxicol Ind Health 6:225-46
Lippmann, M (1990) Effects of fiber characteristics on lung deposition, retention, and disease. Environ Health Perspect 88:311-7
Briant, J K; Cohen, B S (1989) Flow distribution through human and canine airways during inhalation and exhalation. J Appl Physiol 67:1649-54

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