The overall aim is to understand further the effects of air pollutants on the respiratory system of individuals in groups which may be susceptible to air pollution.
The specific aims are as follows: 1) To study the effects on lung function of acute exposures to ambient levels of combinations of pollutants during rest and exercise exposures in adolescent subjects. The pollutant combinations to be studied are: sulfer dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4); nitric aicd (HNO3) and H2SO4; and ozone (03) and SO2. It is our hypothesis that nitric acid will deplete the ammonia levels in the oral passages and allow sulfuric acid to deposit in the airways and cause bronchoconstriction while sulfur dioxide will not deplete existing ammonia and simultaneous exposures to sulfuric acid will result primarily in ammonium sulfate which has been shown not to cause significant pulmonary function changes. In this way, our proposal will provide data concerning the pulmonary toxicity of various air pollutants which co-exist in the environment. 2) To continue the study of the effects of pretreatment with various pharmaceutical bronchodilating agents on SO -induced bronchoconstriction in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of SO2-induced bronchoconstriction. We have studied the effects of albuterol and cromolyn and intend to study theophylline and antihistamines. 3) To study the effects of SO2 on lung function in subjects over the age of 55 years. Epidemiologic data indicate that elderly persons are at risk with respect to morbidity and mortality during air pollution episodes. However, this age group has not been studied in controlled laboratory settings. We want to determine whether age alone makes a person more susceptible to effects of inhaled air pollutants. The importance of this project lies in the potential use of these results in the continuing process of deciding the health risks of ambient air pollutants and in the setting of ambient air quality standards.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01ES002366-06A1
Application #
3249719
Study Section
Toxicology Study Section (TOX)
Project Start
1980-07-01
Project End
1989-03-31
Budget Start
1986-07-01
Budget End
1987-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
1986
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
135646524
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
McBride, D E; Koenig, J Q; Luchtel, D L et al. (1994) Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1192-7
Heath, S K; Koenig, J Q; Morgan, M S et al. (1994) Effects of sulfur dioxide exposure on African-American and Caucasian asthmatics. Environ Res 66:1-11
Koenig, J Q; Dumler, K; Rebolledo, V et al. (1993) Respiratory effects of inhaled sulfuric acid on senior asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Arch Environ Health 48:171-5
Schwartz, J; Slater, D; Larson, T V et al. (1993) Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seattle. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:826-31
Hanley, Q S; Koenig, J Q; Larson, T V et al. (1992) Response of young asthmatic patients to inhaled sulfuric acid. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:326-31
Koenig, J Q; Dumler, K; Rebolledo, V et al. (1992) Theophylline mitigates the bronchoconstrictor effects of sulfur dioxide in subjects with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 89:789-94
Koenig, J Q; Costa, L G; Kaylor, G (1992) Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors, asthma, and ethnicity. Lancet 340:738
Koenig, J Q; Covert, D S; Larson, T V et al. (1992) The effect of duration of exposure on sulfuric acid-induced pulmonary function changes in asthmatic adolescent subjects: a dose-response study. Toxicol Ind Health 8:285-96
Pierson, W E; Koenig, J Q (1992) Respiratory effects of air pollution on allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 90:557-66
Stevens, B; Koenig, J Q; Rebolledo, V et al. (1992) Respiratory effects from the inhalation of hydrogen chloride in young adult asthmatics. J Occup Med 34:923-9

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