Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a mixture of 85% cigarette sidestream smoke (SS) and 15% mainstream smoke (MS) exhaled by active smokers. Epidemiological studies suggest that """"""""involuntary smokers"""""""" exposed to ETS are at risk to develop lung cancer. In strain A/J mice, exposed to SS for 5 months, followed by a 4 month recovery period in air, doubles the incidence and more than doubles the multiplicity of lung tumors. This is the first animal model that allows, in a practical way, to study the beneficial effects of chemopreventive agents and of mechanisms of lung tumorigenesis caused by tobacco smoke. It will be possible to examine whether lung tumor development induced by SS can be partially or totally prevented by agents that have been shown effective in the chemoprevention of lung tumors induced by individual constituents of tobacco smoke such as nitrosamines or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Strain A/J mice will be exposed to SS while at the same time being fed blocking agents (phenethyl isothiocyanate, PEITC and benzylisothiocyanate, BITC) or being treated with a suppressing agent (Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor). Additional studies will examine the possibility that in lung tumors produced by exposure to SS there is a shift from codon 12 to codon 61 mutations in the Ki-ras protooncogene. Possible modulation of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and DNA adduct formation will be examined in animals exposed to SS and the chemopreventive agents. Dose-response studies should allow to obtain some information on the potency of SS as a pulmonary carcinogen. The experiments will provide information on the question whether it might be feasible to diminish or even eliminate development of lung cancer by """"""""involuntary smoking"""""""" with specific chemopreventive agents.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01ES007908-02
Application #
2770772
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG4-ALTX-4 (01))
Project Start
1997-09-15
Project End
2001-08-31
Budget Start
1998-09-01
Budget End
1999-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
094878337
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Witschi, Hanspeter; Espiritu, Imelda; Uyeminami, Dale et al. (2004) Chemoprevention of tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer: what animal studies tell us. Chest 125:128S
Witschi, Hanspeter (2003) Chemoprevention of lung cancer. Methods Mol Med 75:739-54
Witschi, Hanspeter (2003) Induction of lung cancer by passive smoking in an animal model system. Methods Mol Med 74:441-55
Maciag, Anna; Bialkowska, Aneta; Espiritu, Imelda et al. (2003) Gestation stage-specific oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage from sidestream smoke in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Arch Environ Health 58:238-44
Bogen, Kenneth T; Witschi, Hanspeter (2002) Lung tumors in A/J mice exposed to environmental tobacco smoke: estimated potency and implied human risk. Carcinogenesis 23:511-9
Witschi, Hanspeter; Espiritu, Imelda; Dance, Stephanie T et al. (2002) A mouse lung tumor model of tobacco smoke carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci 68:322-30
Obermueller-Jevic, Ute C; Espiritu, Imelda; Corbacho, Ana M et al. (2002) Lung tumor development in mice exposed to tobacco smoke and fed beta-carotene diets. Toxicol Sci 69:23-9
Witschi, Hanspeter; Espiritu, Imelda (2002) Development of tobacco smoke-induced lung tumors in mice fed Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor concentrate (BBIC). Cancer Lett 183:141-6
Witschi, Hanspeter; Espiritu, Imelda; Suffia, Marie et al. (2002) Expression of cyclin D1/2 in the lungs of strain A/J mice fed chemopreventive agents. Carcinogenesis 23:289-94
Witschi, H (2001) Tobacco toxicology revisited. Adv Exp Med Biol 500:471-8

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