Asthma morbidity continues to be a major public health problem among low-income minority children living in urban neighborhoods despite the availability of highly effective controller medications. Major contributors to the disproportionatey high asthma morbidity in this population are exposure to pest allergens (mouse and cockroach) and indoor pollutants (particulate matter (PM) due to second hand smoke and neighborhood PM). Efforts to reduce these exposures using home environmental interventions (EIs) have had only modest effects on measures of asthma symptoms and they have had little effect on reducing acute care visits or on improving lung function which are critical markers of high health care costs and poor long-term outcomes. The limited efficacy of EIs in this high-risk population is likely due to only modest reductions of indoor allergens and pollutants achieved by EIs. Housing mobility programs offer an alternative intervention with the strong potential to achieve large reductions in allergens and pollutants and thereby improve asthma health across a broad range of indicators including acute visits and lung function. We propose to conduct such a study in the context of the Baltimore Mobility Program (BMP), the nation's largest mobility program. We have partnered with BMP, and together have found that among families in BMP who have moved away from Baltimore City, pest allergen and PM exposures are much lower than in the homes of similar children living in Baltimore City. Our preliminary data and findings to date provide strong support for the hypothesis that moving to good quality housing in a better neighborhood through a housing mobility program will result in improvements in asthma outcomes, and that these improvements will be mediated by reductions in exposure to pest allergens and indoor PM. Through prospectively recruiting and following families as they enter into the Baltimore Mobility Program, we seek to address the following specific aims: (1) To determine the effect of moving from a low-income urban neighborhood to good quality housing in a better neighborhood on asthma-related outcomes by comparing outcomes among 5-17 year old children with persistent asthma who move to similar children who do not move, and (2) To estimate the causal effects of reducing indoor pest allergens and PM by moving to better housing on asthma outcomes using principal stratification, a statistical method for causal inference in environmental studies. The proposed study has the potential to have significant implications for the role of housing policy as a tool to address asthma disparities.

Public Health Relevance

Asthma morbidity continues to be a major public health problem among low-income minority children living in urban neighborhoods, and the major contributors are thought to be due to exposures to pest allergens and indoor pollution. Reduction of home allergens and pollution is very difficult in homes in low-income urban neighborhoods where outdoor pollution is high and pest infestation is endemic, and housing mobility programs, which offer counseling and financial assistance for families to move to better neighborhoods, have strong potential to achieve large reductions in allergens and pollutants and thereby reduce asthma morbidity. Through prospectively recruiting and following families as they enter into the Baltimore Housing Mobility Program, we will determine the effect of moving from a low-income urban neighborhood to good quality housing in a better neighborhood on asthma-related outcomes among children with asthma.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01ES026170-01
Application #
9006550
Study Section
Infectious Diseases, Reproductive Health, Asthma and Pulmonary Conditions Study Section (IRAP)
Program Officer
Finn, Symma
Project Start
2016-03-01
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
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Wu, Tianshi David; Brigham, Emily P; Peng, Roger et al. (2018) Overweight/obesity enhances associations between secondhand smoke exposure and asthma morbidity in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 6:2157-2159.e5
Grant, Torie; Aloe, Charles; Perzanowski, Matthew et al. (2017) Mouse Sensitization and Exposure Are Associated with Asthma Severity in Urban Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 5:1008-1014.e1
Hughes, Helen K; Matsui, Elizabeth C; Tschudy, Megan M et al. (2017) Pediatric Asthma Health Disparities: Race, Hardship, Housing, and Asthma in a National Survey. Acad Pediatr 17:127-134
Matsui, Elizabeth C; Keet, Corinne A (2017) Weighing the evidence: Bias and confounding in epidemiologic studies in allergy/immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 139:448-450
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Miller, Rachel L; Zhang, Hanjie; Jezioro, Jacqueline et al. (2017) Reduced mouse allergen is associated with epigenetic changes in regulatory genes, but not mouse sensitization, in asthmatic children. Environ Res 156:619-624