The question of which ganglion cells send color signals to the brain is unresolved. The M and P construct provides that achromatic information is encoded by parasol cells, and chromatic information by midget cells that project, respectively, to the M and P layers of the LGN. However, K layers in the LGN, ventral to each M and P layer, project to the cytochrome oxidase-rich blue/yellow and red/green color blobs in layers 2 and 3 of VI, and it is known in the case of the blue/yellow pathway, that there are blue/yellow small bistratified ganglion cells (i.e., not midget cells) that project to the LGN K cells. The central hypothesis of the present proposal is that ganglion cells that innervate other K cells in the LGN (i.e., alpha-CamK-positive gamma and epsilon cells) (1) are sufficient to provide additional vision channels, and (2) include ganglion cells that pools spatially co-extensive signals from M and L cones via an opponent bipolar cell to underlie red/green color vision.
The specific aims to test this hypothesis in macaque retina are: (1) to measure the spatial distribution of gamma and epsilon cells using alpha-CamK-staining of the retina; (2) to establish their presynaptic circuitry via electron microscopy of serial sections through stained and injected cells; and (3) to determine the localization of glutamate receptors to bipolar cell dendrites via electron microscopy of serial sections through stained and injected cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01EY012480-01
Application #
2829952
Study Section
Visual Sciences C Study Section (VISC)
Project Start
1998-08-01
Project End
2003-07-31
Budget Start
1998-08-01
Budget End
1999-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
208469486
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Hanna, Michael C; Calkins, David J (2007) Expression of genes encoding glutamate receptors and transporters in rod and cone bipolar cells of the primate retina determined by single-cell polymerase chain reaction. Mol Vis 13:2194-208
Calkins, David J; Sterling, Peter (2007) Microcircuitry for two types of achromatic ganglion cell in primate fovea. J Neurosci 27:2646-53
Hanna, Michael C; Calkins, David J (2006) Expression and sequences of genes encoding glutamate receptors and transporters in primate retina determined using 3'-end amplification polymerase chain reaction. Mol Vis 12:961-76
Calkins, David J; Sappington, Rebecca M; Hendry, Stewart H C (2005) Morphological identification of ganglion cells expressing the alpha subunit of type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the macaque retina. J Comp Neurol 481:194-209
Calkins, David J (2005) Localization of ionotropic glutamate receptors to invaginating dendrites at the cone synapse in primate retina. Vis Neurosci 22:469-77
Harvey, D M; Calkins, D J (2002) Localization of kainate receptors to the presynaptic active zone of the rod photoreceptor in primate retina. Vis Neurosci 19:681-92
Yao, Pamela J; Coleman, Paul D; Calkins, David J (2002) High-resolution localization of clathrin assembly protein AP180 in the presynaptic terminals of mammalian neurons. J Comp Neurol 447:152-62
Calkins, D J (2001) Seeing with S cones. Prog Retin Eye Res 20:255-87
Calkins, D J (2000) Representation of cone signals in the primate retina. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 17:597-606