Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the optic nerve that occurs in association with the central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and leads to permanent visual loss in up to 40% of patients. Axonal damage and neuronal loss in optic neuritis and MS patients, including loss of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, correlates with permanent neurological dysfunction. Identifying novel therapies that prevent neuronal loss following an acute episode of optic neuritis therefore has tremendous potential for preventing permanent visual loss, and may prevent loss of retinal neurons in other eye diseases and loss of CNS neurons in MS as well if the therapy targets a common mechanism of neuronal damage. One mechanism of cellular damage, oxidative stress induced by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been shown to contribute to RGC loss in experimental optic neuritis. SIRT1 is an NAD+dependent deacetylase involved in cellular stress responses and cell survival that may reduce oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial function or reducing inflammation induced ROS generation. A number of molecules have been identified that increase the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 for its protein substrates. Resveratrol, the most widely studied SIRT1 activator, promotes neuronal survival in animal models of Huntington's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In preliminary studies, we found that resveratrol attenuates RGC loss during optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model of MS. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this neuroprotective effect are not known. Because mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a role in RGC loss in experimental optic neuritis, and SIRT1 can promote mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, we hypothesize that the mechanism of SIRT1 activator-mediated neuroprotection of RGCs occurs through reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis we propose three specific aims: 1) Evaluate the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on RGC survival in experimental optic neuritis and examine the role of SIRT1 activation and immunomodulation as underlying mechanisms mediating these effects;2) Examine whether the mechanism of neuroprotection by SIRT1 activators in optic neuritis occurs through promoting mitochondria and reducing oxidative stress with suppression of RGC apoptosis;3) Determine whether SIRT1 activators can reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis, conferring neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells damaged by different insults. Mechanisms of neuroprotection in optic neuritis will be addressed using EAE mice. EAE mice have a high incidence of optic neuritis resulting in significant loss of RGCs. Mice will be treated with SIRT1 activators, and RGC loss will be measured in control and EAE animals. Generation of ROS that induce oxidative stress will be examined, and mitochondrial numbers and function will be assessed to determine whether RGC survival is promoted by reducing oxidative stress.

Public Health Relevance

Optic neuritis, an inflammatory disease of the optic nerve that occurs in association with the neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS), affects over 1/1000 people in the United States and leads to permanent visual loss in up to 40% of patients. There are over 400,000 patients in the United States with MS, a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults, and damage of nerve cells in optic neuritis and MS patients correlates with permanent visual and other neurological dysfunction. Identifying novel therapies that prevent nerve damage following an acute episode of optic neuritis therefore has tremendous potential for preventing permanent visual loss, and may prevent vision loss in other optic nerve diseases and neurological disability in MS as well if the therapy targets a common mechanism of nerve damage.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY019014-02
Application #
8048064
Study Section
Anterior Eye Disease Study Section (AED)
Program Officer
Agarwal, Neeraj
Project Start
2010-04-01
Project End
2015-03-31
Budget Start
2011-04-01
Budget End
2012-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$384,000
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
McDougald, Devin S; Dine, Kimberly E; Zezulin, Alexandra U et al. (2018) SIRT1 and NRF2 Gene Transfer Mediate Distinct Neuroprotective Effects Upon Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Function in Experimental Optic Neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:1212-1220
Grinblat, Gabriela A; Khan, Reas S; Dine, Kimberly et al. (2018) RGC Neuroprotection Following Optic Nerve Trauma Mediated By Intranasal Delivery of Amnion Cell Secretome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:2470-2477
Khan, Reas S; Dine, Kimberly; Geisler, John G et al. (2017) Mitochondrial Uncoupler Prodrug of 2,4-Dinitrophenol, MP201, Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Vision in Experimental Optic Neuritis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:7180632
Khan, Reas S; Dine, Kimberly; Bauman, Bailey et al. (2017) Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model. Sci Rep 7:41768
Huang, Haoliang; Miao, Linqing; Liang, Feisi et al. (2017) Neuroprotection by eIF2?-CHOP inhibition and XBP-1 activation in EAE/optic neuritiss. Cell Death Dis 8:e2936
Ashtari, Manzar; Nikonova, Elena S; Marshall, Kathleen A et al. (2017) The Role of the Human Visual Cortex in Assessment of the Long-Term Durability of Retinal Gene Therapy in Follow-on RPE65 Clinical Trial Patients. Ophthalmology 124:873-883
Kenyon, Lawrence C; Biswas, Kaushiki; Shindler, Kenneth S et al. (2015) Gliopathy of Demyelinating and Non-Demyelinating Strains of Mouse Hepatitis Virus. Front Cell Neurosci 9:488
Khan, Reas S; Dine, Kimberly; Luna, Esteban et al. (2014) HE3286 reduces axonal loss and preserves retinal ganglion cell function in experimental optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:5744-51
Khan, Reas S; Dine, Kimberly; Das Sarma, Jayasri et al. (2014) SIRT1 activating compounds reduce oxidative stress mediated neuronal loss in viral induced CNS demyelinating disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2:3
Chatterjee, Dhriti; Addya, Sankar; Khan, Reas S et al. (2014) Mouse hepatitis virus infection upregulates genes involved in innate immune responses. PLoS One 9:e111351

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