Humans are born with a propensity to look at faces, yet face recognition undergoes a surprisingly prolonged development into the late teens. Likewise, neuroimaging studies discovered prolonged development of face- selective regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) during childhood and into the teens involving age-related increases in face selectivity. Understanding the neural substrates of the development of face recognition is important because of the significance of face procesing in children's visual, social and emotional development, and is a prerequisite for understanding clinical conditions involving atypical face processing. However, it remains unknown how face selectivity develops, or how neural developments in VTC lead to better face recognition. We propose to elucidate the functional and structural brain mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition abilities, using cutting-edge neuroimaging and behavioral methods acquiring multimodal data in the same subjects, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
In Aim 1 we will determine the factors that drive the development of face selectivity in VTC and examine the relationship between structural and functional developments. Thus, we will acquire behavioral, anatomical and functional data in each subject comparing data across young children (5-7 year olds, yo), children (9-11yo), and adults (23-25 yo) cross- sectionally and follow these developments longitudinally to determine: (1) what is the role of recent and cumulative experience in shaping face selectivity, (2) if viewing faces with central vision drives the development of face selectiviy, (3) if development of white matter structures is linked to development of face selectivity in VTC and (4) what is the reliability, sequence and longitudinal trajectory of the development of face selectivity, eccentricity bias and white matter structures in VTC. Longitudinal measurements wil provide unprecedented spatial and temporal precision revealing the casade of developments asociated with the emergence of cortical selectivity.
In Aim 2 we will determine how neural developments lead to better face recognition. Proficient face recognition requires fine discrimination among similar faces and identification of specific faces across their many possible appearances. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of these two key processes are unknown. Thus, using cross-sectional measurements of performance and brain responses in children (7-11 yo), adolescents (12-16 yo) and adults (24-28 yo) we will determine (1) if developmental changes in neural tuning to face identity and view lead to beter face discrimination and (2) if developmental increases in specialization to faces in VTC lead to beter face identification. We expect these studies to significantly advance our knowledge of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of cortical selectivity to faces and improvements in face recognition, as well as progress our understanding of the neural mechanisms of long-term cortical plasticity.

Public Health Relevance

Our proposed research is in-line with the mission of the NEI to advance knowledge of how the visual system functions in health and disease as wel as the mission of the NICHD. We expect our proposed research to significantly advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition and high-level vision, providing an essential base for future research on developmental disorders involving altered visual and facial processing, such as congenital prosopagnosia, autism and Williams Syndrome. Our longitudinal studies will reveal links between functional and structural brain developments and their relation to age-related improvements in face processing, which will generate an important foundation for development of clinical diagnostics of atypical development.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
4R01EY022318-05
Application #
9134194
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Flanders, Martha C
Project Start
2012-09-01
Project End
2017-08-31
Budget Start
2016-09-01
Budget End
2017-08-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94304
Rosenke, Mona; Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A et al. (2018) A cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream. Neuroimage 170:257-270
Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A; Witthoft, Nathan et al. (2018) Defining the most probable location of the parahippocampal place area using cortex-based alignment and cross-validation. Neuroimage 170:373-384
Berman, Shai; West, Kathryn L; Does, Mark D et al. (2018) Evaluating g-ratio weighted changes in the corpus callosum as a function of age and sex. Neuroimage 182:304-313
Grill-Spector, Kalanit; Weiner, Kevin S; Kay, Kendrick et al. (2017) The Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Face Perception. Annu Rev Vis Sci 3:167-196
Gomez, Jesse; Barnett, Michael A; Natu, Vaidehi et al. (2017) Microstructural proliferation in human cortex is coupled with the development of face processing. Science 355:68-71
Rosenke, Mona; Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A et al. (2017) Data on a cytoarchitectonic brain atlas: effects of brain template and a comparison to a multimodal atlas. Data Brief 12:327-332
Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A; Lorenz, Simon et al. (2017) The Cytoarchitecture of Domain-specific Regions in Human High-level Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 27:146-161
Golarai, Golijeh; Liberman, Alina; Grill-Spector, Kalanit (2017) Experience Shapes the Development of Neural Substrates of Face Processing in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 27:1229-1244
Deouell, Leon Y; Grill-Spector, Kalanit; Malach, Rafael et al. (2016) Introduction to the special issue on functional selectivity in perceptual and cognitive systems--a tribute to Shlomo Bentin (1946-2012). Neuropsychologia 83:1-4
Natu, Vaidehi S; Barnett, Michael A; Hartley, Jake et al. (2016) Development of Neural Sensitivity to Face Identity Correlates with Perceptual Discriminability. J Neurosci 36:10893-10907

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