Developmental defects in eye structure commonly account for visual impairment in newborns. Proper eye structure is initially established via the process of optic cup morphogenesis, during which a series of complex cell and tissue rearrangements transforms the optic vesicle into the optic cup, with neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) enwrapping the newly formed lens. With advances in imaging and computational analysis, work from our lab and others has begun to reveal the cellular events underlying optic cup morphogenesis, however, molecular control of these processes still remains poorly understood. A compelling candidate to play a role in controlling optic cup morphogenesis is the extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex, glycoprotein-rich layer that regulates cell survival, movement, signaling, and polarity. Mutations in certain ECM components can lead to ocular pathologies, such as coloboma, suggesting specific requirements during optic cup morphogenesis. Understanding extrinsic control of morphogenesis also has implications for organoid approaches and strategies. Our previous data indicate that a core molecule, laminin, elicits diverse cellular responses in different eye regions. We also found that separate eye domains are exposed to distinct ECM microenvironments, some of which are assembled via tissue-tissue interactions: specifically, neural crest is required to build basement membrane around the RPE. These data suggest that unique ECM microenvironments may be a crucial driver of regional eye morphogenetic events. Zebrafish provide an ideal model system to study this process: optical transparency and rapid development offer a unique opportunity to directly observe and molecularly dissect eye formation in vivo. We previously developed 4-dimensional imaging and computational techniques to track and visualize cell movements throughout optic cup morphogenesis, and recently, methods for automated quantitative analysis of retinal cell size, shape and orientation. This puts us in a unique position to analyze specific morphogenetic defects arising when particular matrix components are disrupted. In this proposal, we will dissect the region-specific roles of ECM factors, including nidogens, tenascin-C, mmp2, and versican, during eye morphogenesis. We hypothesize that dynamic, region-specific ECM microenvironments elicit unique developmental and morphogenetic responses from distinct eye progenitor domains to drive optic cup morphogenesis. Combining molecular genetics with innovative 4-dimensional live imaging and computational methods, we will test this hypothesis in the following specific aims: (1) determine how ECM microenvironment controls retina morphogenesis and organization; (2) determine how ECM modulatory factors control RPE morphogenesis; and (3) determine functional requirements for tissue contributions to specific ECM microenvironments. The experiments proposed will define the spatiotemporal dynamics of ECM activity and distinct cellular functions executed by region-specific ECM factors during crucial steps of eye formation.
Developmental defects in eye structure commonly account for visual impairment in newborns, yet we lack an understanding of the cellular dynamics and molecular pathways driving the proper formation of the eye. A compelling candidate to play a role in controlling eye formation is the complex, glycoprotein-rich extracellular matrix (ECM): mutations in certain ECM components can lead to specific structural defects in the eye that cause visual impairment in humans and model organisms. Here, our goal is to determine the mechanistic roles of specific ECM molecules in the formation and development of particular parts of the eye, using the small freshwater teleost fish Danio rerio (zebrafish), and a combination of microscopy, computational methods, and molecular genetics.
| Gordon, Hannah B; Lusk, Sarah; Carney, Keith R et al. (2018) Hedgehog signaling regulates cell motility and optic fissure and stalk formation during vertebrate eye morphogenesis. Development 145: |
| Bryan, Chase D; Chien, Chi-Bin; Kwan, Kristen M (2016) Loss of laminin alpha 1 results in multiple structural defects and divergent effects on adhesion during vertebrate optic cup morphogenesis. Dev Biol 416:324-37 |
