Proteomic analyses today are very slow because each of the separation steps is slow. The separation speeds are limited by the materials. Presently, the workhorse of proteomics is 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). These separations require many hours at low voltages to achieve efficient separations, and loss of protein on the gel reduces sensitivity, which is an especially severe problem for membrane proteins. We propose to address these problems with the use of colloidal crystals for 2D gel electrophoresis. Our goal is to achieve a 100-fold increase in speed of 2D separations of the most highly resolving gels, 20 cm in length, by using silica colloidal crystals of only 4 cm in length. In addition to the higher speed accrued from five-fold shorter travel distances, silica based materials allow more than an order of magnitude higher electric field. The combined miniaturization and higher field promises a combined 100-fold increase in speed along each dimension of the separation to give 2D separations in a few minutes rather than in many hours. The progress in the previous grant period addressed the materials science that demonstrated the promise, and the newly proposed work will carry the research from the materials stage to the separation stage. We propose to investigate transport in the media to understand how to maximize the overall speed of the separation. We propose to achieve on-chip integration of 2D separations: isoelectric focusing followed by sieving separation in the same colloidal crystal. We propose to improve the materials further by investigating inverse opal media, which have a larger free volume, yet the same pore size. We propose to study the sensitivity and dynamic range of fluorescence detection in differential gel electrophoresis for biomarker discovery. We propose to achieve mass spectrometric detection of protein from the colloidal crystals, investigating both MALDI and electrokinetic transfer of the protein from the colloidal crystal. The relevance of the research to public health is that a two order of magnitude increase in proteomic analyses would have an enormous impact on medical research, including determining mechanisms of drug action, the isolation of biomarkers to diagnose diseases, and an understanding of the onset of diseases for their prevention.

Public Health Relevance

The relevance of the research to public health is that a two order of magnitude increase in proteomic analyses would have an enormous impact on medical research, including determining mechanisms of drug action, the isolation of biomarkers to diagnose diseases, and an understanding of the onset of diseases for their prevention.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01GM065980-07
Application #
7687554
Study Section
Enabling Bioanalytical and Biophysical Technologies Study Section (EBT)
Program Officer
Edmonds, Charles G
Project Start
2003-06-03
Project End
2012-08-31
Budget Start
2009-09-01
Budget End
2010-08-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$289,729
Indirect Cost
Name
Purdue University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
072051394
City
West Lafayette
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
47907
Birdsall, Robert E; Koshel, Brooke M; Hua, Yimin et al. (2013) Modeling of protein electrophoresis in silica colloidal crystals having brush layers of polyacrylamide. Electrophoresis 34:753-60
Koshel, Brooke M; Wirth, Mary J (2012) Trajectory of isoelectric focusing from gels to capillaries to immobilized gradients in capillaries. Proteomics 12:2918-26
Wei, Bingchuan; Rogers, Benjamin J; Wirth, Mary J (2012) Slip flow in colloidal crystals for ultraefficient chromatography. J Am Chem Soc 134:10780-2
Zhang, Zhaorui; Ratnayaka, Saliya N; Wirth, Mary J (2011) Protein UTLC-MALDI-MS using thin films of submicrometer silica particles. J Chromatogr A 1218:7196-202
Malkin, Douglas S; Wei, Bingchuan; Fogiel, Arthur J et al. (2010) Submicrometer plate heights for capillaries packed with silica colloidal crystals. Anal Chem 82:2175-7
Wei, Bingchuan; Malkin, Douglas S; Wirth, Mary J (2010) Plate heights below 50 nm for protein electrochromatography using silica colloidal crystals. Anal Chem 82:10216-21
Hua, Yimin; Koshel, Brooke M; Wirth, Mary J (2010) Field-free remobilization of proteins after isoelectric focusing in packed capillaries. Anal Chem 82:8910-5
Egas, David A; Wirth, Mary J (2008) Fundamentals of protein separations: 50 years of nanotechnology, and growing. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif) 1:833-55
Ross, Eric E; Wirth, Mary J (2008) Silica colloidal crystals as three-dimensional scaffolds for supported lipid films. Langmuir 24:1629-34
Zheng, Suping; Zhang, Hui; Ross, Eric et al. (2007) Silica colloidal crystals for enhanced fluorescence detection in microarrays. Anal Chem 79:3867-72

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