A new paradigm for Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings between alkyl and aryl halides in water at room temperature will be further developed. Reactive, highly water-sensitive sp3-based organozinc reagents can be generated in situ and used as coupling partners, protected from their aqueous surroundings by a micellar environment. A study on the use of alkyl bromides as a less costly alternative to iodides will be undertaken. This new micellar nanotechnology will be applied to related cross-couplings of stereo-defined alkenyl halides. Such couplings would be an especially attractive alternative to Suzuki-Miyaura couplings that normally require prior formation of boronic acids or the equivalent. The stereochemistry of the products resulting from these couplings in water relative to that seen in organic solvents will also be compared. Related couplings applied to heteroaromatic halides will be studied, given the importance of heterocycles to the pharmaceutical industry. Novel transition metal-catalyzed tandem processes will be developed, both reactions of in this sequence to be conducted in water at room temperature. Stille couplings involving organostannane intermediates will also be investigated as coupling partners in micellar media. The first cases of couplings using nickel catalysis will also be further investigated in reactions of alkenyl halides with in situ-generated organozinc halides. A newly designed, inexpensive yet """"""""healthy"""""""" surfactant has been identified and will be developed that enables room temperature couplings for several name reactions to be done in water. Higher levels of conversion relative to those seen in previous studies can be achieved, and hence, better yields of cross-coupling products are to be expected. The secret to this success is based on proper engineering of particle size, which better accommodates the intended chemistry.

Public Health Relevance

New technologies are to be developed that get organic solvents out of organic reactions;that replace traditional processes that use strictly organic media with a green alternative: water. These studies are driven by the potential for decreasing the amount of solvent waste, to be carried out by investigating several reactions in water that are important to the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals areas. All are to be done at room temperature, and thus, without any investment of energy for either heating or cooling purposes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM086485-05
Application #
8471119
Study Section
Synthetic and Biological Chemistry B Study Section (SBCB)
Program Officer
Lees, Robert G
Project Start
2009-08-15
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$254,335
Indirect Cost
$76,375
Name
University of California Santa Barbara
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
094878394
City
Santa Barbara
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
93106
Nishikata, Takashi; Abela, Alexander R; Huang, Shenlin et al. (2016) Cationic Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/cross-coupling reactions at room temperature: synthetic and mechanistic studies. Beilstein J Org Chem 12:1040-64
Bhattacharjya, Anish; Klumphu, Piyatida; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2015) Ligand-free, palladium-catalyzed dihydrogen generation from TMDS: dehalogenation of aryl halides on water. Org Lett 17:1122-5
Handa, Sachin; Slack, Eric D; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2015) Nanonickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings in water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 54:11994-8
Bhattacharjya, Anish; Klumphu, Piyatida; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2015) Kumada-Grignard-type biaryl couplings on water. Nat Commun 6:7401
Isley, Nicholas A; Hageman, Matt S; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2015) Dehalogenation of Functionalized Alkyl Halides in Water at Room Temperature. Green Chem 2015:307
Fennewald, James C; Landstrom, Evan B; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2015) Reductions of aryl bromides in water at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 56:3608-3611
Slack, Eric D; Gabriel, Christopher M; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2014) A palladium nanoparticle-nanomicelle combination for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes in water at room temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 53:14051-4
Isley, Nicholas A; Dobarco, Sebastian; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2014) Installation of protected ammonia equivalents onto aromatic & heteroaromatic rings in water enabled by micellar catalysis. Green Chem 16:1480-1488
Fennewald, James C; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2014) Trifluoromethylation of Heterocycles in Water at Room Temperature. Green Chem 16:1097-1100
Klumphu, Piyatida; Lipshutz, Bruce H (2014) ""Nok"": a phytosterol-based amphiphile enabling transition-metal-catalyzed couplings in water at room temperature. J Org Chem 79:888-900

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