This project represents collaboration between established computational and experimental labs to combine biophysical methods to produce, assess, and validate the next generation of biomolecular simulation methods to study RNA molecules. In the past decade our knowledge of the widely varied functional roles of RNA molecules has exploded;RNA molecules can be regulatory or catalytic, can act as sensors, can both up- and down- regulate gene expression, and have great potential as targets for control by exogenous ligands in all phyla. The structures of RNA are modular and contain a mix of structural elements including short duplex regions, hairpin loops, internal bulges, four-way junctions, and receptor sites. These structural elements, along with their conformational changes and dynamics, are the keys to RNA function. However, these functionally important structural, dynamic, and energetic properties cannot yet be reliably predicted or fully experimentally understood. To characterize RNA structures, their structural transitions, and their local and global dynamics, a synergy of simulation and experiment is necessary. The goal of this project is to use theoretical and experimental biophysical methods to more fully develop biomolecular simulation tools to accurately describe RNA molecules, especially how they interact with small molecules, ions, and proteins, using experimental data as a benchmark to assess, validate and improve the models.
Aim 1 is built around the Varkud satellite ribozyme Stem loop V RNA (SL5). This small RNA hairpin has a flexible loop that undergoes a conformational change when it binds to ions, and acts as a model system to test electrostatics, sampling, structural accuracy, and the ability of the simulations to model the subtle influences of ions on the structure and dynamics. New molecular dynamics simulations based on the latest AMBER nucleic acid force fields (ff99+parmbsc0) will assess the force field parameters and apply novel biased enhanced sampling methods to more richly sample the configurational space of the RNA loop. At the same time, NMR will further refine the solution structure, and 13C NMR relaxation experiments will measure dynamics of SL5 in the presence of different ions.
Aim 2 expands the RNA model systems to the GTPase center (GAC) of the ribosome, to model ion binding, electrostatics, and antibiotic binding. NMR is used for structure and dynamics determination, 2-aminopurine fluorescence reports on folding of the GAC, and MD begins with crystal structures of the 58 nucleotide GAC. These two aims are synergistic: primary NMR data are back- calculated from the MD simulations to assess the accuracy and precision of the computational methods through direct comparison to the measured NMR data.
Aim 3 takes the outcome of the comparative study to identify deficiencies and implement improvements. Force field modifications and conformational sampling will be facilitated through Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics and finally applied to the tertiary folding of the GAC RNA.

Public Health Relevance

RNA biology has exploded in the past five years, as RNA molecules are now known to participate in all regulatory pathways in the cell. In addition to acting as enzymes, they regulate gene expression at the post- transcriptional level though direct RNA: RNA interactions, by recruiting ribosomes, and by RNA: protein interactions. Despite their critical functions in normal and disease metabolism, the properties of RNA molecules cannot be accurately described by computation, which severely limits how they are modeled to predict their properties. The goal of this proposal is collect experimental data that can be directly used to create more accurate computational methods for RNAs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM098102-01
Application #
8075344
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BST-E (51))
Program Officer
Preusch, Peter C
Project Start
2011-09-30
Project End
2015-08-31
Budget Start
2011-09-30
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$560,349
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Hayatshahi, Hamed S; Roe, Daniel R; Galindo-Murillo, Rodrigo et al. (2017) Computational Assessment of Potassium and Magnesium Ion Binding to a Buried Pocket in GTPase-Associating Center RNA. J Phys Chem B 121:451-462
Bergonzo, Christina; Cheatham 3rd, Thomas E (2017) Mg2+ Binding Promotes SLV as a Scaffold in Varkud Satellite Ribozyme SLI-SLV Kissing Loop Junction. Biophys J 113:313-320
Galindo-Murillo, Rodrigo; Davis, Darrell R; Cheatham 3rd, Thomas E (2016) Probing the influence of hypermodified residues within the tRNA3(Lys) anticodon stem loop interacting with the A-loop primer sequence from HIV-1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1860:607-17
Welty, Robb; Hall, Kathleen B (2016) Nucleobases Undergo Dynamic Rearrangements during RNA Tertiary Folding. J Mol Biol 428:4490-4502
Rau, Michael J; Welty, Robb; Tom Stump, W et al. (2015) Formation of Tertiary Interactions during rRNA GTPase Center Folding. J Mol Biol 427:2799-815
Bergonzo, Christina; Cheatham 3rd, Thomas E (2015) Improved Force Field Parameters Lead to a Better Description of RNA Structure. J Chem Theory Comput 11:3969-72
Rau, Michael J; Hall, Kathleen B (2015) 2-Aminopurine Fluorescence as a Probe of Local RNA Structure and Dynamics and Global Folding. Methods Enzymol 558:99-124
Bergonzo, Christina; Hall, Kathleen B; Cheatham 3rd, Thomas E (2015) Stem-Loop V of Varkud Satellite RNA Exhibits Characteristics of the Mg(2+) Bound Structure in the Presence of Monovalent Ions. J Phys Chem B 119:12355-64
Nguyen, Hai; PĂ©rez, Alberto; Bermeo, Sherry et al. (2015) Refinement of Generalized Born Implicit Solvation Parameters for Nucleic Acids and Their Complexes with Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 11:3714-28
Bergonzo, Christina; Henriksen, Niel M; Roe, Daniel R et al. (2015) Highly sampled tetranucleotide and tetraloop motifs enable evaluation of common RNA force fields. RNA 21:1578-90

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