Populations with extreme phenotypes provide unique insights into the mechanisms of evolution. Island vertebrates are often unusually large or small compared to their mainland relatives. The repetition of this pattern across a diverse array of species raises the exciting possibility that common evolutionary and genetic mechanisms are responsible. Despite decades of debate about the evolutionary causes of this island rule, little information exists about its genetic basis. The largest wild house mice in the world reside on Gough Island; they have evolved extreme body size in just hundreds of generations. Gough Island mice belong to the same subspecies as the laboratory mice widely used in biomedical research, providing a powerful platform for the genetic dissection of body size evolution. Using this unique system, we will integrate genetic mapping, comparative morphometrics, and population genomics to provide the first detailed genetic portrait of rapid body size evolution in an island mammal. Specifically, we will (1) identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for the evolution of extreme body size and shape in Gough Island mice, and (2) find genomic regions associated with rapid adaptation to the island habitat using new genome sequences from this population. This research will reveal key characteristics of the genetic architecture of rapid evolution, including the number of loci and their phenotypic effects. By performing a series of intercrosses, we will simultaneously dissect the genetics of island-mainland differences and within-island variation. Recent selective sweeps in the Gough Island population will be identified using analyses of genome-wide patterns of variation that take into account the effects of non-equilibrium population history. Our combination of phenotype-driven and DNA-driven studies will address the contribution of natural selection to the island rule and has the potential to rapidly localize mutations responsible for th evolution of extreme body size. Several common human diseases, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and heart problems, are directly connected to body size. Our genetic portrait of size variation in Gough Island mice will provide a comparative context for genome-wide association studies of size-related disease in humans. In addition, our results will help situate phenotypic differences among laboratory mouse strains used as models for disease within the larger context of natural trait variation.

Public Health Relevance

Body size is connected to a suite of common human diseases, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and heart problems. The house mouse is the premier model organism for elucidating the genetic causes of these diseases. Our genetic characterization of extreme body size evolution in nature will inform studies of size- related disorders in laboratory mice, which descend from wild mice. Furthermore, our results will address the question of whether the same genomic regions contribute to natural size variation in humans and mice, providing context for interpreting genome-wide association studies of size-related diseases in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM100426-04
Application #
8890162
Study Section
Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section (GVE)
Program Officer
Janes, Daniel E
Project Start
2012-09-10
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Genetics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Dapper, Amy L; Payseur, Bret A (2018) Effects of Demographic History on the Detection of Recombination Hotspots from Linkage Disequilibrium. Mol Biol Evol 35:335-353
Parmenter, Michelle D; Nelson, Jacob P; Weigel, Sara E et al. (2018) Masticatory Apparatus Performance and Functional Morphology in the Extremely Large Mice from Gough Island. Anat Rec (Hoboken) :
Wang, Richard J; Gray, Melissa M; Parmenter, Michelle D et al. (2017) Recombination rate variation in mice from an isolated island. Mol Ecol 26:457-470
Wang, Richard J; Payseur, Bret A (2017) Genetics of Genome-Wide Recombination Rate Evolution in Mice from an Isolated Island. Genetics 206:1841-1852
Haasl, Ryan J; Payseur, Bret A (2016) Fifteen years of genomewide scans for selection: trends, lessons and unaddressed genetic sources of complication. Mol Ecol 25:5-23
Payseur, Bret A (2016) Genetic Links between Recombination and Speciation. PLoS Genet 12:e1006066
Gasch, Audrey P; Payseur, Bret A; Pool, John E (2016) The Power of Natural Variation for Model Organism Biology. Trends Genet 32:147-154
Payseur, Bret A; Rieseberg, Loren H (2016) A genomic perspective on hybridization and speciation. Mol Ecol 25:2337-60
Parmenter, Michelle D; Gray, Melissa M; Hogan, Caley A et al. (2016) Genetics of Skeletal Evolution in Unusually Large Mice from Gough Island. Genetics 204:1559-1572
Gray, Melissa M; Parmenter, Michelle D; Hogan, Caley A et al. (2015) Genetics of Rapid and Extreme Size Evolution in Island Mice. Genetics 201:213-28

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