This proposal seeks to develop a new class of light-responsive inorganic materials as chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin and its analogues remain the standard therapy for a variety of cancers, despite their nonspecific mechanism of action with nucleic acids, resulting in general cytotoxicity and debilitating side-effects. A promising approach that will provide several key advantages is to combine the reactivity of metal- based drugs with the selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to increase the targeting of malignant tissues and reducing side-effects. We have recently shown that structural distortion can be utilized to promote photochemical reactions to create reactive ruthenium species that are strongly electrophilic and highly photo-toxic in cell based assays. We hypothesize that distortion can be used to control light-activated cytotoxicity for the creation of selective and potent chemotherapeutics. We propose a new class of ruthenium-based compounds that have a readily modifiable modular design to facilitate rapidly incorporation of key molecular components to efficiently develop materials exhibiting selectivity and controlled reactivity. Coordination chemistry will be used to generate a structurally diverse family of three-dimensional chiral ruthenium compounds in a self-assembled manner. The structural variations in the materials will be correlated to cytotoxic efficacy using high-throughput cell survival assays, and the most promising compounds will be assessed for Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and efficacy in mouse xenograft models of lung cancer and melanoma. Mechanism of action studies will be used to define the currently unknown process of cell killing. In order to accomplish this aim, a novel chemical labeling strategy is proposed to facilitate imaging of the subcellular and potentially sub-organellar localization of active compounds using Electron Microscopy. If successfully validated, this approach could be extended to additional imaging applications in tissues. Alternative approaches utilize biotin-labeled ruthenium materials for target pull-down, with cellular targets identified through a process of gel electrophoresis, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. In vitro and in cell transcription and translation assays will support these findings. Cisplatin, the benchmark inorganic chemotherapeutic, will be used for comparison in all mechanism of action studies. The goal is to determine if the proposed ruthenium materials utilize the same biological target(s) as cisplatin, or may be directed to different functional targets via structural modification. Upon completion of these studies, we will have expanded our knowledge of the fundamental photochemistry of ruthenium complexes, developed potent and selective cytotoxic chemical entities, identified their mechanism of action, and developed a new tool for the imaging of small molecules in biological systems. 1

Public Health Relevance

Cisplatin received FDA approval in 1978 for the treatment of cancer, and despite producing a wide range of debilitating side-effects;it is still one of the most prescribed chemotherapeutics today. With over 500,000 cancer-related deaths in the United States each year, it is essential to develop new broadly applicable therapeutic treatments for this disease. This proposal develops ruthenium materials as selective and potent chemotherapeutic agents that reduce off target toxic effects by acting as cytotoxic species only in a spatially controlled manner when turned on by light.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01GM107586-01A1
Application #
8761360
Study Section
Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A Study Section (SBCA)
Program Officer
Fabian, Miles
Project Start
2014-08-01
Project End
2019-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-01
Budget End
2015-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kentucky
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
City
Lexington
State
KY
Country
United States
Zip Code
40506
Sun, Yang; Heidary, David K; Zhang, Zhihui et al. (2018) Bacterial Cytological Profiling Reveals the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Metal Complexes. Mol Pharm 15:3404-3416
Havrylyuk, Dmytro; Heidary, David K; Nease, Leona et al. (2017) Photochemical Properties and Structure-Activity Relationships of RuII Complexes with Pyridylbenzazole Ligands as Promising Anticancer Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017:1687-1694
Heidary, David K; Fox, Ashley; Richards, Chris I et al. (2017) A High-Throughput Screening Assay Using a Photoconvertable Protein for Identifying Inhibitors of Transcription, Translation, or Proteasomal Degradation. SLAS Discov 22:399-407
Glazer, Edith C (2017) Panchromatic Osmium Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy: Solutions to Existing Problems and New Questions. Photochem Photobiol 93:1326-1328
Wachter, Erin; Moyá, Diego; Glazer, Edith C (2017) Combining a Ru(II) ""Building Block"" and Rapid Screening Approach to Identify DNA Structure-Selective ""Light Switch"" Compounds. ACS Comb Sci 19:85-95
Kohler, Lars; Nease, Leona; Vo, Pascal et al. (2017) Photochemical and Photobiological Activity of Ru(II) Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Complexes Containing Methylated Bipyridyl-type Ligands. Inorg Chem 56:12214-12223
Wachter, Erin; Zamora, Ana; Heidary, David K et al. (2016) Geometry matters: inverse cytotoxic relationship for cis/trans-Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes from cis/trans-[PtCl2(NH3)2]. Chem Commun (Camb) 52:10121-4
Wachter, Erin; Moyá, Diego; Parkin, Sean et al. (2016) Ruthenium Complex ""Light Switches"" that are Selective for Different G-Quadruplex Structures. Chemistry 22:550-9