Hepatitis C (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently recognized the need to prevent and control HCV infection, and proposed that HCV elimination is feasible by 2030 by reducing new chronic infections by 90% and HCV-related mortality by 65%. In the U.S., elimination strategies are urgently needed that focus on persons who inject drugs (PWID), the group at most risk for acquiring and transmitting HCV infection. Despite the long-term availability of harm reduction strategies such as syringe exchange programs (SEP), opioid substitution therapies (OSTs), and behavioral counseling, HCV incidence in the U.S. is on the rise among PWID. The recent availability of all oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with high reported cure rates (e.g., >90%) that can prevent liver disease progression and HCV transmission, combined with prevention and harm reduction strategies, make HCV elimination an attainable goal. However, given considerable barriers (e.g., cost of DAAs, poor linkage to care and adherence, possible reinfection, PWID lifestyle), it is essential for policy development and strategic planning to understand the factors that would most effectively promote HCV elimination among PWID. Understanding the dynamic and complex interplay of factors at the individual (e.g., risk behaviors), social (e.g., injection networks), structural (e.g., access to syringe exchange programs and opioid substitution therapies), and geographic (e.g., non-urban residence) levels is essential to improve understanding and development of HCV elimination strategies. Current models cannot account for such dynamic and complex interactions. As such we propose to develop a comprehensive, data-driven agent-based model for Hepatitis C Elimination in PWID (HepCEP) using the Chicago PWID population as a template and proof of concept that would enable policy makers to identify the most effective intervention strategies for elimination of HCV by 2030 based on the aforementioned WHO's proposed reduction estimates. The long term significance of these efforts would be to adapt the HepCEP framework to (i) model HCV transmission in the general population of Chicago and in Illinois prisons, (ii) forecast the spread of HCV in other U.S. urban and non-urban PWID populations (e.g., Albuquerque, NM), (iii) perform cost-effectiveness analyses, and (iv) assist vaccine-trial sponsors in designing and evaluating clinical trials.
We propose to develop a comprehensive, empirical data-driven agent-based model for persons who inject drugs (PWID)?termed Hepatitis C Elimination among PWID (HepCEP)?using the Chicago PWID population as a template and proof of concept. HepCEP would enable policy makers to identify the most effective intervention strategies for elimination of hepatitis C, which was deemed feasible by 2030 by the World Health Organization.
