In the vertebrate nervous system, myelinating glia performs the spectacular feat of iteratively wrapping their membrane around axons to form the myelin sheath. Myelin allows for rapid nerve impulse propagation, and the glial cells that make myelin are also essential for neuronal health and survival. The importance of myelin is underscored in diseases in which it is disrupted, including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophies, and numerous peripheral neuropathies. To date, no therapeutic strategies exist to halt demyelination or stimulate remyelination in disease or injury. As a vertebrate model organism that is amenable to both chemical and genetic screens, zebrafish represent the ideal system with which to dissect the molecular mechanisms that govern myelination. In a previous forward genetic screen, we discovered that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126 is essential for myelination in the peripheral nervous system, although the mechanisms by which Gpr126 functions are not completely understood. As a GPCR, Gpr126 represents an excellent potential therapeutic target to stimulate remyelination. To this end, we will define Gpr126-mediated pathways in glial development and myelination using both chemical and genetic screens in a hypomorphic gpr126 mutant, which generates reduced levels of myelin in the peripheral nervous system. (1) We will perform large-scale compound library screens to discover small molecules that can enhance or suppress the hypomorphic gpr126 mutant phenotype. (2) We will perform a forward genetic enhancer/suppressor screen of 2,000 genomes to define genetic modifiers of gpr126. Together, these experiments will define the mechanisms by which Gpr126 mediates myelination. Critically, these screens can also uncover new chemicals and genes that regulate glial cell development and myelination independently of Gpr126. These screens will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that govern nervous system development and may point the way to novel therapeutics to promote nervous system repair in humans.

Public Health Relevance

A major barrier of functional recovery in the nervous system is the lack of robust remyelination in injury or disease. Here, we propose to perform large-scale chemical and genetic modifier screens to uncover small molecules and mutations that can enhance or suppress a hypomorphic mutant allele of gpr126, which has reduced myelination in the peripheral nervous system. These screens will define both Gpr126-dependent and -independent mechanisms that govern myelination in the vertebrate nervous system.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HD080601-01
Application #
8738038
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-CB-Z (55))
Program Officer
Henken, Deborah B
Project Start
2014-07-07
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-07
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$315,400
Indirect Cost
$107,900
Name
Washington University
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
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D'Rozario, M; Monk, K R; Petersen, S C (2017) Analysis of myelinated axon formation in zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 138:383-414
Herbert, Amy L; Fu, Meng-Meng; Drerup, Catherine M et al. (2017) Dynein/dynactin is necessary for anterograde transport of Mbp mRNA in oligodendrocytes and for myelination in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E9153-E9162
Drerup, Catherine M; Herbert, Amy L; Monk, Kelly R et al. (2017) Regulation of mitochondria-dynactin interaction and mitochondrial retrograde transport in axons. Elife 6:
Sanchez, Nicholas E; Harty, Breanne L; O'Reilly-Pol, Thomas et al. (2017) Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Mapping and Candidate Identification of Mutations from Fixed Zebrafish Tissue. G3 (Bethesda) 7:3415-3425
Herbert, Amy L; Monk, Kelly R (2017) Advances in myelinating glial cell development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 42:53-60
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Mogha, Amit; D'Rozario, Mitchell; Monk, Kelly R (2016) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Myelinating Glia. Trends Pharmacol Sci 37:977-987
Sigoillot, Séverine M; Monk, Kelly R; Piao, Xianhua et al. (2016) Adhesion GPCRs as Novel Actors in Neural and Glial Cell Functions: From Synaptogenesis to Myelination. Handb Exp Pharmacol 234:275-298

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