Adolescent girls in South Africa remain disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, despite the availability of several behavioural interventions to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. Strategies to reduce HIV transmission in this key population would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the sexual networks that drive HIV transmission in adolescent girls. Furthermore, if HIV infection rates in adolescent girls can be reduced, this could break critical chains of transmission and decrease the spread of HIV in the general population. We hypothesise that complex sexual networks, including mixing between adolescents and community members, drive high HIV incidence in adolescent girls in rural South Africa. To test our hypothesis we will utilize an innovative approach to identify networks of HIV transmission that combine extensive epidemiologic sampling with phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 sequence data and traditional sexual networking methods. Phylogenetic analysis has recently emerged as one of the most powerful and informative ways to use viral diversity to examine the underlying dynamics of HIV-1 transmission in affected populations. However, these methods have often failed to find linkages in endemic settings; this is likely due to underrepresentation because of sparse sampling of transmission pairs in large populations of HIV infected individuals. One of the major innovations of this proposal is identifying HIV-1 clusters and viral linkages in adolescents and link these to community sequences by extensively sampling HIV infected individuals from a defined geographic area (part of the sub-district of Vulindlela in KwaZulu-Natal), using several epidemiologic approaches to achieve a 'saturating' rate of population coverage. This area is uniquely suited for this research as the study area is rural and geographically well defined; it is one of the highest HIV burden districts in South Afric and CAPRISA has collected detailed data on the structural, behavioural and biological determinants of risks of HIV infection in this community over the last decade. Building on our expertise in HIV surveillance in this area we will i) enhance the representativeness of the phylogenetic analyses by combining novel recruitment strategies including clinic- and school-based recruitment, and respondent-driven sampling for hard-to-reach populations; ii) use high- throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics to identify HIV-1 transmission networks through HIV-1 viral linkages; and iii) include behavioural and biological information and other risk factors. This approach will allow us to characterize HIV transmission clusters and viral linkages in this hyper endemic region, analyze the contribution of HIV clusters to the new infections occurring among adolescent girls, and use this data to improve HIV prevention efforts in this key population for HIV control.

Public Health Relevance

Adolescent girls remain disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, yet the sexual networks that underlie high HIV prevalence in this key population remain largely unknown. This research utilizes an innovative approach to identify networks of HIV transmission, combining extensive epidemiologic sampling with phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 sequence data and traditional sexual networking methods. Insights into the sexual networking patterns driving high HIV incidence in adolescent girls in rural South Africa could be critical for informing future design of HIV prevention interventions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD083343-04
Application #
9513935
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lee, Sonia S
Project Start
2015-07-09
Project End
2020-04-30
Budget Start
2018-05-01
Budget End
2019-04-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Centre/AIDS Programme/Research/South Africa
Department
Type
DUNS #
639174239
City
Durban
State
Country
South Africa
Zip Code
4001
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Maughan-Brown, Brendan; George, Gavin; Beckett, Sean et al. (2018) HIV Risk Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Age-Disparate Partnerships: Evidence From KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 78:155-162
de Oliveira, Tulio; Kharsany, Ayesha B M; Gräf, Tiago et al. (2017) Transmission networks and risk of HIV infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a community-wide phylogenetic study. Lancet HIV 4:e41-e50
Buthelezi, Usangiphile E; Davidson, Candace L; Kharsany, Ayesha Bm (2016) Strengthening HIV surveillance: measurements to track the epidemic in real time. Afr J AIDS Res 15:89-98