The broad objective is to evaluate the performance of the arterial and cardiopulmonary reflex control of arterial pressure and its major determinants (cardiac output and resistance). We have emphasized quantification of interactions among reflex, humoral and mechanical regulations because systems physiology is responsible for providing such integrative information for health care.
Aim I is to quantify carotid sinus reflex control of cardiac contractility and arterial properties as after load against ventricular ejection. Left ventricular contractility is assessed by three indices, which can be obtained by changing ventricular preload over a wide range. These are slopes of the end-systolic P-V relation, stroke work vs. end-diastolic volume (ADV) relation, and maximum dP/dt vs. EDV relation. Arterial load properties are gauged by high-resolution frequency spectrum of aortic input impedance and parameters of wave reflection derived from the spectrum. Such impedance spectrum is obtained by randomly pacing the heart and applying white noise analysis to aortic pressure and flow data. Prepared for these measurements by preliminary surgery, and data are obtained at low, middle, and high carotid sinus pressures, first in sedated conscious state and then under anesthesia Aim II is to determine contributions of three mechanisms, i.e., the cardiopulmonary reflex (CPR), renin-angiotensin system, and vasopressin system to restoration of arterial pressure after 10% quick hemorrhage . In Part A, we leave only the CPR-neuroeffector mechanism and CPR- vasopressin mechanism intact, them eliminate one of them, and finally remove both while repeating the hemorrhage-transfusion three times. The posthemorrhage hypotension data at 6 in permits evaluation of individual mechanisms and interactive contributions. In Part B, we leave only the baroreflex-renin release mechanism and the renal arterial pressure-renin release mechanism intact. As in Part A, the two mechanisms are removed sequentially and their separate and interactive contributions quantified. Plasma level of AVP and renin activity are measured and correlated with arterial pressure change.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL014529-19
Application #
3334801
Study Section
Cardiovascular and Renal Study Section (CVB)
Project Start
1978-12-01
Project End
1992-11-30
Budget Start
1989-12-01
Budget End
1990-11-30
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
1990
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
045911138
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Shigemi, K; Brunner, M J; Shoukas, A A (1994) Alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the control of vascular capacitance by the carotid sinus baroreflex system. Am J Physiol 267:H201-10
Shoukas, A A (1993) Overall systems analysis of the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of the circulation. Anesthesiology 79:1402-12
Haase, E B; Shoukas, A A (1992) Blood volume changes in microcirculation of rat intestine caused by carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. Am J Physiol 263:H1939-45
Lash, J M; Haase, E; Shoukas, A A (1992) Systemic responses to carotid occlusion in the anesthetized rat. J Appl Physiol 72:1247-54
Shoukas, A A; Callahan, C A; Lash, J M et al. (1991) New technique to completely isolate carotid sinus baroreceptor regions in rats. Am J Physiol 260:H300-3
Haase, E B; Shoukas, A A (1991) Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of venular pressure-diameter relations in rat intestine. Am J Physiol 260:H752-8
Lash, J M; Shoukas, A A (1991) Pressure dependence of baroreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 70:2551-8
Shoukas, A A; Bohlen, H G (1990) Rat venular pressure-diameter relationships are regulated by sympathetic activity. Am J Physiol 259:H674-80
Yamazaki, T; Sagawa, K (1989) Summation of sinoaortic baroreflexes depends on size of input signals. Am J Physiol 257:H465-72
Katoh, N; Sheriff, D D; Siu, C O et al. (1989) Relative importance of four pressoregulatory mechanisms after 10% bleeding in rabbits. Am J Physiol 256:H291-6

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