One of the major aims of this renewal application is to characterize a novel closely-integrated CoA-independent transacylase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities that are involved in the production of platelet activating factor (PAF) in the remodeling pathway and in the movement of arachidonate among phospholipids. These experiments are focused on the substrate specificities of the enzymes for the donor and acceptor phospholipid molecules that participate in transacylation reactions involving arachidonate (and other polyenoates) and the accompanying production of PAF. The mechanism of the transacylation process and the kinetics of the 20:4 movement in intact cells and isolated microsomes will be high priority projects in this proposal. The complex series of reaction that account for the formation of lyso-PAF and PAF during transacylation include a) a PLA2 (I) to form a lyso-phospholipid acceptor from ethanolamine plasmalogens or other choline- and ethanolamine-containing glycerophosphatides, b) a transacylase/PLA2 (II) that forms lyso-PAF and transfers arachidonate or other polyenoates from the donor phospholipid (alkylarachidonoylglycerophosphocholine) to the lyso-phospholipid acceptor generated by PLA2 (I) and c) the lyso-PAF acetyltransferase that forms PAF. The enzyme activities [PLA2 (I), PLA2 (II), and transacylase] could represent one, two, or three individual catalytic proteins. Therefore, to address this issue we will attempt to purify the enzymes involved in the CoA-independent transacylation reactions. A second significant aim is to investigate factors responsible for the regulatory control of the metabolism and levels of PAF. These studies include and investigation of the role of hormones, cellular differentiation, and membrane vs. cytosolic forms of acetylhydrolase on PAF metabolism. Finally, we plan to examine the compartmentalization (subcellular location and topographical mapping) of the PAF cycle enzymes, products (PAF and the corresponding acyl and plasmalogen analogs), and PAF precursors (lyso and diradyl forms of phospholipids). The membrane topography studies are very closely integrated with the experiments on PAF regulation. Experimental strategies to accomplish these aims utilize intact and permeabilized cells, isolated membrane fractions or organelles, and purified/partially purified enzymes. Cultured HL-60 cells are the primary cell model; however, rabbit platelets and rat alveolar macrophages and peritoneal neutrophils will be used for comparative purposes. Results of this research are expected to provide a major contribution to our understanding of the complex factors that regulate PAF metabolism and of the very close interrelationships between ether-linked phospholipids and eicosanoid mediators.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HL027109-11A1
Application #
3338957
Study Section
Medical Biochemistry Study Section (MEDB)
Project Start
1981-04-01
Project End
1995-11-30
Budget Start
1992-01-01
Budget End
1992-11-30
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Oak Ridge
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37831
Snyder, F (1997) CDP-choline:alkylacetylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase catalyzes the final step in the de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1348:111-6
Lee, T (1996) Acetylation of sphingosine by PAF-dependent transacetylase. Adv Exp Med Biol 416:113-9
Snyder, F; Fitzgerald, V; Blank, M L (1996) Biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor and enzyme inhibitors. Adv Exp Med Biol 416:5-10
Lee, T C; Ou, M C; Shinozaki, K et al. (1996) Biosynthesis of N-acetylsphingosine by platelet-activating factor: sphingosine CoA-independent transacetylase in HL-60 cels. J Biol Chem 271:209-17
Blank, M L; Smith, Z L; Fitzgerald, V et al. (1995) The CoA-independent transacylase in PAF biosynthesis: tissue distribution and molecular species selectivity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1254:295-301
Snyder, F (1995) Platelet-activating factor and its analogs: metabolic pathways and related intracellular processes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1254:231-49
Snyder, F (1995) Platelet-activating factor: the biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Biochem J 305 ( Pt 3):689-705
Lee, T C; Fitzgerald, V; Chatterjee, R et al. (1994) Differentiation induced increase of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in HL-60 cells. J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal 9:267-83
Blank, M L; Smith, Z L; Cress, E A et al. (1994) Molecular species of ethanolamine plasmalogens and transacylase activity in rat tissues are altered by fish oil diets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1214:295-302
Snyder, F (1994) Metabolic processing of PAF. Clin Rev Allergy 12:309-27

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