The health consequences of quitting smoking are well established; despite this, over one-fourth of all adults in the United States will smoke. One of the many reinforcing qualities of cigarette smoking is weight control. Despite the importance of determining the mechanisms of weight gain following smoking cessation, very little is known regarding the dietary, activity, or metabolic changes associated with smoking cessation. A recent review concluded that there is tremendous inconsistency in the literature regarding whether the causes of postcessation weight gain are largely metabolic, dietary, or a combination of metabolic and dietary factors. These inconsistent findings have led investigators to search for moderator variables that may interact with the dietary, metabolic, and weight changes associated with smoking cessation. Two variables that are highly likely to interact with smoking cessation and postcessation weight gain are smoking rate and gender. It is clear that females enjoy more of the weight control """"""""benefits"""""""" of smoking, they metabolize nicotine slower, and may be at greater risk of dietary-induced postcessation weight gain than males. Additionally, moderate smokers, relative to either light or heavy smokers, have a greater weight suppression effect from smoking and there is recent evidence that metabolic rates of moderate smokers rise following smoking cigarettes while the metabolic rates of heavy smokers are more likely to decrease following smoking. However, no study has systematically evaluated the effects of gender and smoking rate on smoking-cessation related changes in body weight and energy balance in a sample of individuals who quit smoking versus those randomly assigned to continued smoking. We propose the following: (1) To determine if the changes in the energy balance equation (viz., changes in dietary intake, physical activity, resting energy expenditure, and body weight) occur following smoking cessation and; (2) To determine if changes in energy balance following cessation vary as a function of subject smoking rat, race, and gender.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL046352-03
Application #
2222849
Study Section
Behavioral Medicine Study Section (BEM)
Project Start
1992-05-01
Project End
1995-06-01
Budget Start
1994-05-01
Budget End
1995-06-01
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Memphis
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
City
Memphis
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
38152
Vander Weg, M W; Klesges, R C; Ward, K D (2000) Differences in resting energy expenditure between black and white smokers: implications for postcessation weight gain. Eur J Clin Nutr 54:895-9
Klesges, R C; Ward, K D; Ray, J W et al. (1998) The prospective relationships between smoking and weight in a young, biracial cohort: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. J Consult Clin Psychol 66:987-93
Meyers, A W; Klesges, R C; Winders, S E et al. (1997) Are weight concerns predictive of smoking cessation? A prospective analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:448-52
Eck, L H; Bennett, A G; Egan, B M et al. (1997) Differences in macronutrient selections in users and nonusers of an oral contraceptive. Am J Clin Nutr 65:419-24
Klesges, R C; Winders, S E; Meyers, A W et al. (1997) How much weight gain occurs following smoking cessation? A comparison of weight gain using both continuous and point prevalence abstinence. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:286-91
Klesges, R C; Klesges, L M; DeBon, M et al. (1995) Effects of phenylpropanolamine on withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 119:85-91
Klesges, R C; Eck, L H; Ray, J W (1995) Who underreports dietary intake in a dietary recall? Evidence from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol 63:438-44
Audrain, J E; Klesges, R C; Klesges, L M (1995) Relationship between obesity and the metabolic effects of smoking in women. Health Psychol 14:116-23
DeBon, M; Klesges, R C; Klesges, L M (1995) Symptomatology across the menstrual cycle in smoking and nonsmoking women. Addict Behav 20:335-43
Klesges, R C; Debon, M; Ray, J W (1995) Are self-reports of smoking rate biased? Evidence from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Epidemiol 48:1225-33

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