The insulin resistant (IR) syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Data from the applicant's laboratory suggests that endothelial dysfunction may be the mechanism that links IR to CV disease. Previous studies show impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in small mesenteric and coronary arteries from IR rats. This dysfunction appears to be secondary to a defect in endothetium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). These data support the existence of a situation where the EDHF dilator component is selectively impaired and provides a model to assess mechanisms leading to impaired EDHF function. Moreover, it provides us a model to assess compensatory responses of other endothelium derived relaxing factors to an EDHF deficit. The overall hypothesis to be examined is that impairment of endothelium-dependent dilator capacity occurs during IR. Specific hypotheses to be tested are (1) Endothelium dependent relaxation is impaired in small mesenteric arteries to physiologic as well as pharmacologic stimuli. (2) Restoration of normal endothelium function occurs after cessation of fructose-rich diet. (3) Endothelial dysfunction associated with IR is due to a decreased production of EDHF. (4) Decreased substrate availability and/or abnormally low levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms account for decreased EDHF production. (5) Endothelial dysfunction associated with IR is due to decreased sensitivity of potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle to EDHF. (6) The NO and prostacyclin systems do not compensate for this loss of dilator capacity. To test these hypotheses, two specific aims will be addressed.
Specific aim 1. Characterize the nature of impaired vascular function in insulin resistance. First, we will assess whether IR induced impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation is stimulus dependent. Second, we will explore the vascular effects of insulin in the setting of IR. And third, we will determine the vascular characteristics of reversal of endothelium dysfunction after cessation of fructose feeding.
Specific aim 2. Determination of the mechanism of impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in insulin resistance. First, we will investigate the effect of lR on dilator responses to exogenous arachidonic acid. Second, we will explore the effects of IR on synthesis of bioactive metabolites of arachidonic acid. Third, we will examine the relationship between endothelial function and levels of CYP and NO synthase protein. Fourth, we will determine the effect of application of exogenous arachidonic acid metabolites (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids) on vascular tone. These data will determine mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in IR. Moreover, the specific role of EDHF and mechanisms for its dysfunction will be determined. This project employs physiologic, cellular, and molecular biology techniques to address the proposed questions. Findings from this project may provide important information that can be used to design treatments to prevent the cardiovascular complications of IR.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL065380-03
Application #
6721394
Study Section
Cardiovascular and Renal Study Section (CVB)
Program Officer
Srinivas, Pothur R
Project Start
2002-04-01
Project End
2006-03-31
Budget Start
2004-04-01
Budget End
2006-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$251,344
Indirect Cost
Name
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
937727907
City
Winston-Salem
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27157
Dutta, Somhrita; Rutkai, Ibolya; Katakam, Prasad V G et al. (2015) The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and S6 Kinase mediate diazoxide preconditioning in primary rat cortical neurons. J Neurochem 134:845-56
Rutkai, Ibolya; Katakam, Prasad V G; Dutta, Somhrita et al. (2014) Sustained mitochondrial functioning in cerebral arteries after transient ischemic stress in the rat: a potential target for therapies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H958-66
Katakam, Prasad V G; Gordon, Angellica O; Sure, Venkata N L R et al. (2014) Diversity of mitochondria-dependent dilator mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle of cerebral arteries from normal and insulin-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H493-503
Busija, David W; Katakam, Prasad V (2014) Mitochondrial mechanisms in cerebral vascular control: shared signaling pathways with preconditioning. J Vasc Res 51:175-89
Carvalho, Cristina; Katz, Paige S; Dutta, Somhrita et al. (2014) Increased susceptibility to amyloid-? toxicity in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells under hyperglycemic conditions. J Alzheimers Dis 38:75-83
Katakam, Prasad V G; Wappler, Edina A; Katz, Paige S et al. (2013) Depolarization of mitochondria in endothelial cells promotes cerebral artery vasodilation by activation of nitric oxide synthase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:752-9
Wappler, Edina A; Institoris, Adam; Dutta, Somhrita et al. (2013) Mitochondrial dynamics associated with oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat primary neuronal cultures. PLoS One 8:e63206
Nautiyal, Manisha; Katakam, Prasad V G; Busija, David W et al. (2012) Differences in oxidative stress status and expression of MKP-1 in dorsal medulla of transgenic rats with altered brain renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303:R799-806
Institoris, Adam; Lenti, Laura; Domoki, Ferenc et al. (2012) Cerebral microcirculatory responses of insulin-resistant rats are preserved to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Microcirculation 19:749-56
Katakam, Prasad V G; Snipes, James A; Steed, Mesia M et al. (2012) Insulin-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase underlie the cerebrovascular insulin resistance in obese rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:792-804

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