Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Current heart failure treatments are not effective in enhancing myocardial repair or regenerating lost heart muscle. Improving myocardial repair after myocardial infarction will require enhancing vascular supply to regions with marginal perfusion and stimulating myocardial regeneration through formation of new cardiomyocytes and supporting vasculature. The epicardium, a polarized epithelium covering the heart, is an essential regulator of fetal myocardial growth and coronary vasculogenesis. Epicardium and myocardium engage in elaborate paracrine signaling to regulate each other's development. Furthermore, epicardial cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), generating epicardium-derived mesenchymal cells (EPDCs) that migrate into the heart and differentiate into fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and potentially cardiomyocytes. In the adult heart, epicardium is an important modulator of the myocardial injury response, and recent studies indicate that the developmental properties of epicardium may be harnessed for therapeutic regeneration. Our preliminary data show that chemically modified mRNA (m*RNA) drives transient, high level paracrine factor expression in the heart. VEGF-A m*RNA, delivered once at the time of experimental myocardial infarction (MI), enhanced capillary density, reduced infarct size, improved ejection fraction, and enhanced survival for up to one year. Epicardial progenitors, marked by expression of the transcription factor Wt1 (Wilms Tumor Suppressor 1), were a major target of VEGF-A m*RNA activity. VEGF-A expanded and mobilized post-MI WT1+ epicardial progenitors. Remarkably, VEGF-A m*RNA altered the fate of these cells, enhancing their differentiation into endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and reducing their differentiation into myofibroblasts. Our data suggest a novel therapeutic paradigm, in which brief activation of paracrine signaling pathways alters resident progenitor cell fate to achieve sustained therapeutic benefit. This cell-free therapeutic paradigm can be readily translated to large animal and clinical studies. In this proposal, we further investigate the regulation of adul epicardial cell behavior develop the therapeutic paradigm advanced by our preliminary data, through the following Specific Aims: (1) Determine the mechanism by which VEGF-A redirects EPDC fate. (2) Define the role of Wt1 in regulating adult epicardial progenitor activity in the normal and injured adult heart. (3) Identify additional factors with beneficial activity in myocardal infarction. By combining novel m*RNA technology with the Pu lab's established expertise in epicardial progenitors and their role in fetal and adult heart, this proposal will lead to mechanistic insights into myocardial regeneration, advance application of m*RNA technology to myocardial regeneration, and lead to new avenues for clinical translation.

Public Health Relevance

Heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Effective treatment hinges on discovery of approaches to promoting cardiac repair and regeneration. This research project is designed to better understand the function of a progenitor population that covers the fetal and adult heart, and to study approaches to mobilize and augment the regenerative potential of these cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL094683-06
Application #
8704989
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Schramm, Charlene A
Project Start
2009-01-01
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Hospital Boston
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Zangi, Lior; Oliveira, Marcela S; Ye, Lillian Y et al. (2017) Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor-Dependent Pathway Drives Epicardial Adipose Tissue Formation After Myocardial Injury. Circulation 135:59-72
von Gise, Alexander; Stevens, Sean M; Honor, Leah B et al. (2016) Contribution of Fetal, but Not Adult, Pulmonary Mesothelium to Mesenchymal Lineages in Lung Homeostasis and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 54:222-30
Huang, Zhan-Peng; Ding, Yan; Chen, Jinghai et al. (2016) Long non-coding RNAs link extracellular matrix gene expression to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 112:543-554
Zhou, Pingzhu; Pu, William T (2016) Recounting Cardiac Cellular Composition. Circ Res 118:368-70
Stevens, Sean M; von Gise, Alexander; VanDusen, Nathan et al. (2016) Epicardium is required for cardiac seeding by yolk sac macrophages, precursors of resident macrophages of the adult heart. Dev Biol 413:153-159
Tian, Xueying; Pu, William T; Zhou, Bin (2015) Cellular origin and developmental program of coronary angiogenesis. Circ Res 116:515-30
Zhang, Hui; von Gise, Alexander; Liu, Qiaozhen et al. (2014) Yap1 is required for endothelial to mesenchymal transition of the atrioventricular cushion. J Biol Chem 289:18681-92
Tian, Xueying; Hu, Tianyuan; Zhang, Hui et al. (2014) Vessel formation. De novo formation of a distinct coronary vascular population in neonatal heart. Science 345:90-4
Liu, Qiaozhen; Huang, Xiuzhen; Oh, Jin-Hee et al. (2014) Epicardium-to-fat transition in injured heart. Cell Res 24:1367-9
Harvey, Richard P; Graham, Robert M; Pu, William T (2014) Introduction to the special issue on heart regeneration and rejuvenation. Stem Cell Res 13:521-2

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