Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder with a number of adverse cardiovascular and neurocognitive consequences. However, the leading treatment, positive airway pressure (PAP), is poorly toler- ated by many individuals and thus the development new treatment strategies are critically needed. A number of studies indicate that OSA is caused by the interplay of several phenotypic traits, including a small airway, an oversensitive ventilatory control system, decreased pharyngeal muscle activity during sleep, and premature arousals to a respiratory stimulus. In the previous grant leading up to this continuing renewal, we created methods for measuring these traits as well as a model (termed the ?phenotype model?) that illus- trates the relative contribution of each of these traits to a particular patient's OSA. We believe this model could be valuable for predicting response to PAP-alternatives. At this time, PAP alternatives (oral appliances, surgery, and other devices such as hypoglossal nerve stimulation, etc.) suffer from inconsistent results, and there is no pharmacological treatment for OSA. Howev- er, respiratory control and arousal factors, which are now recognized as having pathogenic roles, provide po- tential new (and untested) pharmacological targets. The objective of this grant is to validate the predictive power of OSA phenotyping, as well as to test the effectiveness of novel pharmacological treatments alone and in combination with existing PAP alternatives such as oral appliance therapy.
In Aim 1 of this grant, patients will be ?phenotyped? using the methods developed in the previous grant. We will then perform experiments on the model, e.g., we will treat the model with drugs that change ventilatory control sensitivity and arousal threshold. These simulated treatments will generate a prediction of success or failure. We will then administer the treatments to the patient to see if the model prediction was correct. The treatments that will be given are acetazolamide (for decreasing ventilatory control sensitivity) and eszopiclone (for raising the arousal threshold). These medications will be given simultaneously as well as individually. Thus, an innovative component of this grant is that we will combine medications to maximize efficacy.
Aim 2 will test the phenotype model's ability to predict response to oral appliance therapy. The same procedure of phenotyping, followed by simulated treatment on the model to generate a treatment prediction, followed by ex- perimental administration of the treatment to see if the prediction was correct will be used. Predictors of re- sponse to oral appliance therapy remain poor, so Aim 2 fills an important gap in this common alternative treat- ment. Finally, Aim 3 will test the phenotype model's ability to predict response to ?triple therapy? (acetazola- mide + eszopiclone + an oral appliance), which our preliminary data suggest can have a powerful effect on ap- nea severity in the right ?phenotype?. This research could lead to exciting new management strategies for OSA.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because OSA is a major health concern that is undertreated with existing therapies. The NHLBI 2011 Sleep Disorders Research Plan states that ?studies are needed to identify clinically meaningful subtypes [of OSA], and algorithms informing the selection of optimal therapeutic strategies.? The proposed research directly addresses this important component of the NIH's mission.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HL102321-06
Application #
9239787
Study Section
Respiratory Integrative Biology and Translational Research Study Section (RIBT)
Program Officer
Brown, Marishka
Project Start
2011-04-01
Project End
2020-11-30
Budget Start
2017-01-10
Budget End
2017-11-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$528,311
Indirect Cost
$230,671
Name
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Department
Type
Independent Hospitals
DUNS #
030811269
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
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Marques, Melania; Genta, Pedro R; Azarbarzin, Ali et al. (2018) Retropalatal and retroglossal airway compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 258:98-103
Messineo, Ludovico; Taranto-Montemurro, Luigi; Azarbarzin, Ali et al. (2018) Breath-holding as a means to estimate the loop gain contribution to obstructive sleep apnoea. J Physiol 596:4043-4056
Taranto-Montemurro, Luigi; Sands, Scott A; Grace, Kevin P et al. (2018) Neural memory of the genioglossus muscle during sleep is stage-dependent in healthy subjects and obstructive sleep apnoea patients. J Physiol 596:5163-5173
Azarbarzin, Ali; Sands, Scott A; Marques, Melania et al. (2018) Palatal prolapse as a signature of expiratory flow limitation and inspiratory palatal collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 51:
Sands, Scott A; Terrill, Philip I; Edwards, Bradley A et al. (2018) Quantifying the Arousal Threshold Using Polysomnography in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 41:
Sands, Scott A; Edwards, Bradley A; Terrill, Philip I et al. (2018) Phenotyping Pharyngeal Pathophysiology using Polysomnography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:1187-1197
Landry, Shane A; Joosten, Simon A; Sands, Scott A et al. (2017) Response to a combination of oxygen and a hypnotic as treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea is predicted by a patient's therapeutic CPAP requirement. Respirology 22:1219-1224
Lee, Richard W W; Sutherland, Kate; Sands, Scott A et al. (2017) Differences in respiratory arousal threshold in Caucasian and Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Respirology 22:1015-1021
Azarbarzin, Ali; Marques, Melania; Sands, Scott A et al. (2017) Predicting epiglottic collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 50:

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