Millions of Americans routinely sleep less than six hours per night, an amount shown to be insufficient for maintaining healthy physiologic function, with documented abnormalities in metabolism, immune function, hormones, mood and performance/alertness. The cumulative cost of chronic sleep deficiency predisposes an individual to attentional lapses, errors, and accidents. The effect of sleep deficiency on performance is pronounced during the biological (circadian) night, particularly when circadian rhythms are not synchronized to the sleep-wake schedule, as may occur in the 15 percent of Americans who are involved in shift work. We recently demonstrated that sleep restriction affects at least two different regulatory processes in the brain that act on different time scales o affect performance. A short-term process builds over hours and can be rapidly recovered within one long sleep episode. A long-term process builds over days-to-weeks of restricted sleep and has a longer time course of recovery. Key unknown information, however, for determining appropriate counter-measures or public health education, is how the finite durations of recent sleep and wake episodes and the overall sleep:wake ratio affect the short-term and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency. The results of the proposed work will allow us to determine the dynamics of the short- and long-term consequences of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and how they combine with circadian timing to determine performance at any given time. Participants will live on a recurring 20-hr sleep+wake schedule for three weeks to uncouple the sleep-wake cycles from the intrinsic near-24 hour rhythm of alertness and performance. The CSR group will experience the equivalent of 5.6 hrs sleep per 24 hrs (1:3.3 sleep:wake ratio) while a control group will experience a standard habitual 1:2 sleep:wake ratio. These data will be statistically compared with already collected data from experiments in the same facility with CSR (1:3.3 sleep:wake) and standard (1:2 sleep:wake) sleep:wake ratios but different absolute sleep and wake durations under 28-hour and 42.85-hr sleep+wake cycle durations. Full understanding of sleep homeostasis requires experimental manipulation of both sleep:wake ratio and durations of sleep and wake, as well as the interaction with circadian phase. There is immediate
to this work. The proposed research will contribute to the understanding of the short-term and long-term consequences of sleep deficiency on performance and how these effects of sleep deficiency are influenced by the natural ~24-hour rhythm of the internal body clock. It is important to understand how sleep restriction and circadian timing interact to determine performance so that (i) work shift regulations can be developed to minimize the chances for fatigue-related industrial accidents and motor vehicle crashes and (ii) individuals can responsibly plan their sleep. This work will also advance research methods that can be used to test the effectiveness of wake-promoting therapeutics and other interventions on these two distinct processes involved in sleep-wake regulation.
| McHill, Andrew W; Hull, Joseph T; McMullan, Ciaran J et al. (2018) Chronic Insufficient Sleep Has a Limited Impact on Circadian Rhythmicity of Subjective Hunger and Awakening Fasted Metabolic Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:319 |
| Asgari-Targhi, Ameneh; Klerman, Elizabeth B (2018) Mathematical modeling of circadian rhythms. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med :e1439 |
| McHill, Andrew W; Hull, Joseph T; Wang, Wei et al. (2018) Chronic sleep curtailment, even without extended (>16-h) wakefulness, degrades human vigilance performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:6070-6075 |
| Videnovic, Aleksandar; Klerman, Elizabeth B; Wang, Wei et al. (2017) Timed Light Therapy for Sleep and Daytime Sleepiness Associated With Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 74:411-418 |
| Bianchi, Matt T; Phillips, Andrew J K; Wang, Wei et al. (2017) Statistics for Sleep and Biological Rhythms Research. J Biol Rhythms 32:7-17 |
| Phillips, Andrew J K; Clerx, William M; O'Brien, Conor S et al. (2017) Irregular sleep/wake patterns are associated with poorer academic performance and delayed circadian and sleep/wake timing. Sci Rep 7:3216 |
| Rahman, Shadab A; St Hilaire, Melissa A; Chang, Anne-Marie et al. (2017) Circadian phase resetting by a single short-duration light exposure. JCI Insight 2:e89494 |
| Gu, Fangyi; Xu, Shangda; Devesa, Susan S et al. (2017) Longitude Position in a Time Zone and Cancer Risk in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 26:1306-1311 |
| Phillips, Andrew J K; Klerman, Elizabeth B; Butler, James P (2017) Modeling the adenosine system as a modulator of cognitive performance and sleep patterns during sleep restriction and recovery. PLoS Comput Biol 13:e1005759 |
| McHill, Andrew W; Phillips, Andrew Jk; Czeisler, Charles A et al. (2017) Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fat. Am J Clin Nutr 106:1213-1219 |
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