Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a leading cardiovascular disorder in the elderly. Currently, pharmacological intervention for slowing down or halting the progression of this disease is unavailable. Our recent studies found that human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) express both inflammatory and osteogenic mediators in response to pro-inflammatory stimulation and display up-regulates pro-osteogenic activity characterized by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the formation of calcification nodules. Characterization of diseased aortic valves revealed the accumulation of oxLDL in valvular tissue and reduced levels of IL-37 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) in AVICs. Preliminary studies found that oxLDL induces AVIC expression of ALP via TLR2 and TLR4, and that IL-37 is potent in suppression of AVIC inflammosteogenic responses. Importantly, expression of IL-37 in mice attenuates obesity, hyperlipidemia and aortic valve lesions caused be high fat diet. We formulated two interrelated Aims for this project.
Specific Aim 1 is to test the hypothesis that IL 37 suppresses the inflammosteogenic responses in human AVICs. We will pursue the following sub aims: A) to test the hypothesis that IL-37 deficiency in AVICs affected by CAVD augments the inflammosteogenic responses to risk factors; B) to determine the mechanism of IL-37 deficiency in AVICs of diseased human aortic valves; C) to examine the interaction of inflammatory mediators with osteogenic mediators in up-regulation of AVIC osteogenic activity; D) to test the hypothesis that recombinant IL-37 suppresses the osteogenic activity (ALP expression/activity and calcium deposit formation) in AVICs of diseased aortic valve; E) to test the hypothesis that IL-37 inhibits IRAK1 to suppress ERK1/2/NF-kB activation and the inflammosteogenic responses in human AVICs.
Specific Aim 2 is to determine the effect of IL-37 on aortic valve lesions in mice fed with high fat diet. We will pursue the following sub aims: A) t test the hypothesis that TLR2/4 and IRAK1 play a critical role in mediating aortic valve lesions caused by high fat diet; B) to determine the effect of recombinant IL-37 on hyperlipidemia and aortic valve lesions caused by high fat diet; C) to determine the effect of expression of IL-37 on hyperlipidemia and aortic valve lesions caused by high fat diet. These studies will provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which risk factors induce valvular cell pro-osteogenic reprogramming. In addition, these studies will identify potential therapeutic targets for suppression of the progression of CAVD.

Public Health Relevance

Calcific aortic valve disease is a leading cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Progressive calcification of aortic valve leaflets causes the obstruction o blood flow and eventually results in heart failure. Currently, aortic valve replacement surgery is the only available therapy. Pharmacological intervention of this disease relies on better understanding of the underlying mechanism. The major goals of this project are to elucidate the molecular mechanism of aortic valve calcification and to identify potential therapeutic targets for prevention of the progression of aortic valve calcification. The findings of this project will help develop therapeutic strategies for early pharmacological intervention toward halting the progression of this leading cardiovascular disease in the elderly.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL121776-02
Application #
9100850
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Evans, Frank
Project Start
2015-07-01
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2016-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado Denver
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
041096314
City
Aurora
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80045
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Zhan, Qiong; Song, Rui; Li, Fei et al. (2017) Double-stranded RNA upregulates the expression of inflammatory mediators in human aortic valve cells through the TLR3-TRIF-noncanonical NF-?B pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 312:C407-C417
Li, Fei; Yao, Qingzhou; Ao, Lihua et al. (2017) Klotho suppresses high phosphate-induced osteogenic responses in human aortic valve interstitial cells through inhibition of Sox9. J Mol Med (Berl) 95:739-751
Song, Rui; Fullerton, David A; Ao, Lihua et al. (2017) An epigenetic regulatory loop controls pro-osteogenic activation by TGF-?1 or bone morphogenetic protein 2 in human aortic valve interstitial cells. J Biol Chem 292:8657-8666
Li, Fei; Song, Rui; Ao, Lihua et al. (2017) ADAMTS5 Deficiency in Calcified Aortic Valves Is Associated With Elevated Pro-Osteogenic Activity in Valvular Interstitial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 37:1339-1351
Zeng, Qingchun; Song, Rui; Fullerton, David A et al. (2017) Interleukin-37 suppresses the osteogenic responses of human aortic valve interstitial cells in vitro and alleviates valve lesions in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:1631-1636
Zhan, Qiong; Zeng, Qingchun; Song, Rui et al. (2017) IL-37 suppresses MyD88-mediated inflammatory responses in human aortic valve interstitial cells. Mol Med 23:83-91