With advent of HAART, life expectancy for HIV-infected patients has greatly increased, making HIV disease a chronic illness. Consequently, a number of slowly developing side effects of HIV infection are becoming apparent and constitute a significant clinical problem. Many of these co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, are caused by virus- and anti-HIV treatment-mediated impairment of normal metabolism of cholesterol. Importantly, metabolic changes occur not only in HIV-infected cells, which are relatively few in HAART-treated subjects, but also in uninfected cells and tissues. Our studies performed in both in vitro and in vivo models of HIV infection have established that HIV protein Nef released from infected cells impairs activity of cholesterol transporter ABCA1 and interferes with ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in uninfected cells. These effects of extracellular Nef on uninfected tissues may be responsible for metabolic co-morbidities (atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, diabetes) in HIV-infected patients. However, the mechanism of cholesterol metabolism impairment induced by extracellular Nef and the contribution of this impairment to metabolic complications of HIV infection are not fully understood. This project will address these questions by pursuing the following Specific Aims: 1) To determine how extracellular Nef affects cholesterol metabolism in uninfected cells; 2) To characterize metabolic effects of extracellular Nef; 3) To test the anti-pathogenic effect of drugs targeting cholesterol metabolism. Proposed studies are highly significant as they address pathogenesis of HIV-associated metabolic complications, a leading co-morbidity in HIV disease. This proposal has a significant translational component, as in Aim 3 we will investigate a new therapeutic strategy to treat HIV infection and its metabolic complications using drugs affecting lipid metabolism. The proposal utilizes the expertise of two co-PIs, who have a long history of successful collaboration and complementary expertise in HIV virology (Dr. Bukrinsky) and cholesterol metabolism (Dr. Sviridov).

Public Health Relevance

A number of co-morbidities in HIV-infected individuals are caused by metabolic abnormalities. The proposed project will determine how extracellular Nef affects cellular and systemic cholesterol metabolism causing metabolic complications, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, in HIV-infected subjects. In addition, the proposed studies may contribute to development of new therapeutic agents to prevent and treat HIV infection and its complications by targeting cholesterol metabolism.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL131473-02
Application #
9199093
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Liu, Lijuan
Project Start
2016-01-01
Project End
2019-11-30
Budget Start
2016-12-01
Budget End
2017-11-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
George Washington University
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043990498
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20052
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