Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and maintain the capacity to generate all types of mature hematopoietic cells within the blood and immune system. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment supplies critical pro-hematopoietic signals that regulate the maintenance of the hematopoietic system. Understanding these signals may lead to the development of novel strategies to increase the number of HSCs that would be available in a clinical setting to treat a wide variety of hematological diseases. The overall goal of this research project is to define mechanisms by which NF-kB signaling in the BM vascular niche regulates the maintenance of the HSC pool during homeostatic and regenerative conditions. We have recently demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in maintaining HSC homeostasis through activation of the Akt pathway, enabling ECs to maintain and expand functional HSCs. However, the signaling pathways downstream of Akt responsible for endowing ECs with the instructional capacity to regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs are unknown. We have found that the inhibiting NF-kB signaling in Akt-activated ECs results in robust expansion of functional mouse HSCs thereby enhancing hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppression, in part, by protecting the BM microenvironment. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that the inhibition of NF-kB signaling pathway in BMECs regulates the maintenance of the HSC pool by protecting the hematopoietic and vascular system from radiation-induced DNA and metabolic damage. To study the role of NF-kB signaling in BMECs, we will use a transgenic mouse model in which NF-kB signaling is inhibited under the control of a vascular specific promoter. Utilizing novel techniques developed in our laboratory that enable us to isolate and cultivate ECs from the BM, we will be able to test if inhibiting the Akt/NF-kB signaling axis within the vascular niche 1) protects the HSC from radiation induced DNA and cellular damage, 2) helps maintain and restore the proper metabolic profile during hematopoietic regeneration, 3) rejuvenates the BM vascular niche and hematopoietic system by transplanting properly activated BMECs, and 4) enhances the expression of novel pro-hematopoietic factors that promote homeostatic and regenerative hematopoiesis. These studies will begin to unravel the mechanisms by which ECs support the balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation. These studies will lay the foundation to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at rejuvenating the HSC niche and restoring the hematopoietic compartment following myeloablative treatments.
Currently, the only cure for many blood disorders affecting the bone marrow and/or blood is a blood stem cell transplant. The goal of this proposal is to identify signaling pathways that regulate the production of novel regulatory factors produced by blood vessels that may ultimately be utilized to enhance the regeneration of blood stem cells following myeloablative injury. We are hopeful that these studies will lay the foundation for designing pre-clinical and clinical trials to examine the potential of bone marrow blood vessels to repair an injured blood system back to functional levels.
| Ramalingam, Pradeep; Poulos, Michael G; Butler, Jason M (2017) Regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell lifecycle by the endothelial niche. Curr Opin Hematol 24:289-299 |
| Lis, Raphael; Karrasch, Charles C; Poulos, Michael G et al. (2017) Conversion of adult endothelium to immunocompetent haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 545:439-445 |
| Poulos, Michael G; Ramalingam, Pradeep; Gutkin, Michael C et al. (2017) Endothelial transplantation rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cell function. J Clin Invest 127:4163-4178 |
| Rafii, Shahin; Ginsberg, Michael; Scandura, Joseph et al. (2016) Transplantation of Endothelial Cells to Mitigate Acute and Chronic Radiation Injury to Vital Organs. Radiat Res 186:196-202 |
| Poulos, Michael G; Ramalingam, Pradeep; Gutkin, Michael C et al. (2016) Endothelial-specific inhibition of NF-?B enhances functional haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 7:13829 |
