Development and maintenance of immune tolerance is critical to minimizing complications of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for non-malignant hematologic disorders, allowing donor cell engraftment while minimizing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Harnessing innate immune mechanisms has great potential to maintain immune tolerance across histocompatibility barriers. However, the mechanisms through which innate immune regulation of the adaptive immune system can be achieved after allogeneic HCT are poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms will allow us to better apply them to generate immune tolerance between transplant donor and recipient, thus expanding alternative donor HCT to cure non- malignant blood disorders. We recently described novel innate mechanisms through which recipient regulatory myeloid dendritic cells (MDC) spared by non-marrow ablative total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and T cell- depletive anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) can induce the proliferation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the donor graft across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers. We have since determined a modified pre- transplant preparative regimen which augments the recovery of these regulatory myeloid cells and key signaling mechanisms required for regulatory function, and which results in durable donor-recipient immune tolerance after MHC-mismatched HCT in ?-thalassemic mice. Our central hypotheses are that a group of recipient myeloid precursor cells spared by non-myeloablative conditioning develop into regulatory MDC through direct interactions with another recipient innate immune cell population, and that these myeloid precursors thus play a central role in regulating donor immune responses after MHC-mismatched HCT. We will test these hypotheses through 4 specific questions: 1. Can these cells regulate graft-versus-host immune responses after HCT? 2. How are these myeloid cells formed under the influence of other specific innate immune cells of the recipient? 3. Can similar immune tolerance induction be achieved when other alkylators are added to TLI/ATS conditioning, in a high-fidelity murine model of human sickle-cell disease (SCD)? 4. Do similar immune tolerance mechanisms operate when these TLI/ATS/alkylator therapy is applied in SCD? Our studies should provide critical insights into specific immune mechanisms of regulation of MHC-mismatched transplantation tolerance and new therapeutic options in HCT for hemoglobinopathies, health conditions with high global prevalence and relevance.

Public Health Relevance

The innate immune system is critical to maintaining the ability of T and B cells to respond to foreign antigens, and to regulating those responses after hematopoietic cell transplantation. We have developed novel methods to harness the innate immune system to improve transplantation outcomes, and we will study the mechanisms by which these methods function to prevent deleterious immune reactions including graft-versus- host disease using mouse models of the hemoglobin disorders thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Assessing the success of novel transplant preparative regimens and determining immune mechanisms through which these regimens regulate deleterious immune reactions after transplantation should result in strategies to broaden the curative application of transplantation for these globally prevalent blood disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL133462-04
Application #
10067378
Study Section
Transplantation, Tolerance, and Tumor Immunology Study Section (TTT)
Program Officer
Welniak, Lisbeth A
Project Start
2018-01-01
Project End
2021-12-31
Budget Start
2021-01-01
Budget End
2021-12-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Miami School of Medicine
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
052780918
City
Coral Gables
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33146
E, Shuyu; Seth, Aman; Vogel, Peter et al. (2017) Bidirectional immune tolerance in nonmyeloablative MHC-mismatched BMT for murine ?-thalassemia. Blood 129:3017-3030