One-process models of recognition memory assume that judgments are based on the familiarity of the test probe; two-process models assume that the familiarity-based process is sometimes supplemented by the output of a recollective process. A variety of methods, including evaluation of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, have been used to provide evidence for the two-process view (e.g., Rotello, Macmillan, and Van Tassel, 2000). Other researchers have chosen a potentially more direct route to the two processes that underlie recognition, using subjective judgments of """"""""remembering"""""""" and """"""""knowing"""""""" to measure recollection and familiarity (Tulving, 1985). Yonelinas (2001) has argued that these """"""""R-K"""""""" judgments produce the same estimates of the processes as are obtained from ROC data. We propose a new two-dimensional SDT model of R-K judgments (Rotello, Macmillan, and Reeder, resubmitted). In our model, Old items differ from New ones in both global and specific memory strength. Global strength can be thought of as traditional """"""""familiarity,"""""""" and specific strength as either continuous recollective process or familiarity of an item based on specific details. Old-new judgments are based on a weighted sum of these dimensions, and R-K decisions are based on a weighted difference. Our model accurately describes existing recognition and Remember-Know data, and makes novel predictions about several new kinds of ROCs (i.e., ROCs based on """"""""remember"""""""" or """"""""know"""""""" responses only). These ROC curves distinguish our model from existing one- and two-process models that have been applied to R-K data. Importantly, the two-dimensional model assumes that Remember and Know judgments are not """"""""process-pure""""""""; they do not measure recollection or familiarity directly. We will explore our model using a two-pronged approach, involving both (1) empirical evaluation of the two-dimensional model and (2) theoretical generalization of the model to other experimental situations. Proposed empirical work involves the production of various kinds of ROC curves, along with the comparison of the shape and extent of those curves to theoretically-generated curves. Theoretical work will generalize the two-dimensional model of R-K judgments to account for other findings in recognition, such as linear ROC functions and the time-course of recognition.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01MH060274-03A1
Application #
6575911
Study Section
Biobehavioral and Behavioral Processes 3 (BBBP)
Program Officer
Kurtzman, Howard S
Project Start
2003-01-01
Project End
2006-12-31
Budget Start
2003-01-01
Budget End
2003-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$190,835
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
153926712
City
Amherst
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01003
White, Corey N; Kapucu, Aycan; Bruno, Davide et al. (2014) Memory bias for negative emotional words in recognition memory is driven by effects of category membership. Cogn Emot 28:867-80
Starns, Jeffrey J; Pazzaglia, Angela M; Rotello, Caren M et al. (2013) Unequal-strength source zROC slopes reflect criteria placement and not (necessarily) memory processes. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 39:1377-92
Dube, Chad; Starns, Jeffrey J; Rotello, Caren M et al. (2012) Beyond ROC curvature: Strength effects and response time data support continuous-evidence models of recognition memory. J Mem Lang 67:389-406
Starns, Jeffrey J; Rotello, Caren M; Ratcliff, Roger (2012) Mixing strong and weak targets provides no evidence against the unequal-variance explanation of ýýROC slope: a comment on Koen and Yonelinas (2010). J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 38:793-801
Wong, Mungchen; Rotello, Caren M (2010) Conjunction errors and semantic transparency. Mem Cognit 38:47-56
Kapucu, Aycan; Macmillan, Neil A; Rotello, Caren M (2010) Positive and negative remember judgments and ROCs in the plurals paradigm: evidence for alternative decision strategies. Mem Cognit 38:541-54
Masson, Michael E J; Rotello, Caren M (2009) Sources of bias in the Goodman-Kruskal gamma coefficient measure of association: implications for studies of metacognitive processes. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 35:509-27
Evans, Kris; Rotello, Caren M; Li, Xingshan et al. (2009) Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver-operating characteristic analyses: does a cultural difference truly exist? Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 62:276-85
Hautus, Michael J; Macmillan, Neil A; Rotello, Caren M (2008) Toward a complete decision model of item and source recognition. Psychon Bull Rev 15:889-905
Cohen, Andrew L; Rotello, Caren M; Macmillan, Neil A (2008) Evaluating models of remember-know judgments: complexity, mimicry, and discriminability. Psychon Bull Rev 15:906-26

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