Galanin coexists with tryptophane hydroxylase /5-HT in a majority of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons, and the galanin receptors GalR1 and GalR2 are expressed at high concentrations in the DRN. By gene chipping analysis of 35,000 transcripts, we found that galanin is one of the 8 transcripts that are significantly elevated by at least two antidepressant treatments, fluoxetine and electroconvulsive therapy, in the rat DRN. Two components of the galaninergic system, galanin and GalR2, were altered by these antidepressant treatments: galanin mRNA levels were increased by 100 percent by both antidepressant treatments, and fluoxetine (and desipramine) treatments induced a 50 percent increase in GalR2 binding sites in the rat DRN. Activation of GalR2 promotes calcium influx, neuronal firing, and neurogenesis, while activation of GalR1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase and suppresses neuronal activity. Thus, a shift in the galaninergic transmission in the DRN towards a GalR2 mediated action following antidepressant treatments may enhance the activity of 5-HT neurons that express GalR2 and contribute to the elevation of synaptic 5-HT levels in terminal areas of these DRN neurons, such as frontal cortex and hippocampus. The functional significance of the elevated galaninergic activity in the DRN for the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine is underlined by our data that a galanin receptor antagonist, M40, blocked the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, and two systemically active galanin receptor agonists, galnon and galmic, produced an antidepressant like effect in the forced swim test.
We aim at validating the GalR2 receptor as a target for new antidepressant drugs. We will focus on the galanin-5HT interactions in the DRN and their changes during antidepressant drug treatment. Our experiments will be carried out in rats and transgenic mice strains that lack either GalR1 or GalR2. The planned work will deepen our knowledge of the galanin/5-HT system in the DRN and its contribution to the effects of antidepressant treatments. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH074055-02
Application #
7290419
Study Section
Molecular Neuropharmacology and Signaling Study Section (MNPS)
Program Officer
Winsky, Lois M
Project Start
2006-09-22
Project End
2010-07-31
Budget Start
2007-08-01
Budget End
2008-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$383,582
Indirect Cost
Name
Scripps Research Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
781613492
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
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