Three phases in the development of depression have been identified: (1) low prevalence in childhood (1- 2%), (2) low overall prevalence but emergence of a sex difference in early adolescence, and (3) a dramatic rise in prevalence in middle to late adolescence (from 3-17%). It is essential to study vulnerabilities for developing depression in these different phases so that more focused developmentally sensitive treatment / prevention programs may be created for this significant public health concern. This study aims to examine how genetic, cognitive, and interpersonal vulnerability factors work together to contribute to depression within a vulnerability- stress framework during each of these phases. More specifically we seek to study (1) when and how cognitive and interpersonal vulnerabilities stabilize into trait-like risks that interact with stress to predict depression, (2) how genetic, cognitive, and interpersonal vulnerabilities, alone and in interaction with stress, explain why more girls become depressed than boys in early adolescence, and (3) how genetic, cognitive, and interpersonal vulnerabilities relate to each other and interact with stress to predict the dramatic surge in depression in middle to late adolescence. This multi-wave, multi-method (questionnaire, clinical interviews, behavioral tasks, blood draws), multi- informant (youth, mother, clinician) prospective study will (1) explore when psychosocial vulnerabilities to depression stabilize and (2) test the hypotheses that genetic, cognitive, and interpersonal vulnerability factors to depression interact with an increasing number of stressors throughout adolescence, particularly for girls, to predict the emergence of sex differences in the prevalence of depression in early adolescence and the dramatic increase in depression during middle adolescence. To examine causes of depression in each of these phases within this integrative vulnerability-stress framework, we will use an accelerated longitudinal, cross-sequential design to follow 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders and their mothers (n=250 youth and 250 mothers in each cohort), after an initial lab assessment, every 3 months for 3 years (12 follow-up assessments). Multilevel growth curve modeling will be used to test hypotheses.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH077178-05
Application #
8061707
Study Section
Psychosocial Development, Risk and Prevention Study Section (PDRP)
Program Officer
Garriock, Holly A
Project Start
2007-08-15
Project End
2013-09-25
Budget Start
2011-05-01
Budget End
2013-09-25
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$344,149
Indirect Cost
Name
Rutgers University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
001912864
City
New Brunswick
State
NJ
Country
United States
Zip Code
08901
Long, Erin E; Young, Jami F; Hankin, Benjamin L (2018) Temporal dynamics and longitudinal co-occurrence of depression and different anxiety syndromes in youth: Evidence for reciprocal patterns in a 3-year prospective study. J Affect Disord 234:20-27
Hankin, Benjamin L; Young, Jami F; Gallop, Robert et al. (2018) Cognitive and Interpersonal Vulnerabilities to Adolescent Depression: Classification of Risk Profiles for a Personalized Prevention Approach. J Abnorm Child Psychol 46:1521-1533
Oppenheimer, Caroline W; Hankin, Benjamin L; Young, Jami (2018) Effect of Parenting and Peer Stressors on Cognitive Vulnerability and Risk for Depression among Youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol 46:597-612
Bosmans, Guy; Young, Jami F; Hankin, Benjamin L (2018) NR3C1 methylation as a moderator of the effects of maternal support and stress on insecure attachment development. Dev Psychol 54:29-38
Cohen, Joseph R; So, Felix K; Hankin, Benjamin L et al. (2018) Translating Cognitive Vulnerability Theory Into Improved Adolescent Depression Screening: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Approach. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol :1-14
Snyder, Hannah R; Young, Jami F; Hankin, Benjamin L (2017) Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P-Factor and Externalizing Specific Psychopathology in Youth. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol :1-10
Hankin, Benjamin L; Davis, Elysia Poggi; Snyder, Hannah et al. (2017) Temperament factors and dimensional, latent bifactor models of child psychopathology: Transdiagnostic and specific associations in two youth samples. Psychiatry Res 252:139-146
Jenness, Jessica L; Young, Jami F; Hankin, Benjamin L (2017) 5-HTTLPR moderates the association between attention away from angry faces and prospective depression among youth. J Psychiatr Res 91:83-89
Snyder, Hannah R; Young, Jami F; Hankin, Benjamin L (2017) Strong Homotypic Continuity in Common Psychopathology-, Internalizing-, and Externalizing-Specific Factors Over Time in Adolescents. Clin Psychol Sci 5:98-110
Miller, Adam Bryant; Jenness, Jessica L; Oppenheimer, Caroline W et al. (2017) Childhood Emotional Maltreatment as a Robust Predictor of Suicidal Ideation: A 3-Year Multi-Wave, Prospective Investigation. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:105-116

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