The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently based on behavior and developmental history of the child. With the development of advanced forms of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), it is expected that imaging will elucidate pathology-induced and neuro-developmental changes in white matter (WM) architecture, and provide diagnostic and predictive anatomical biomarkers.
We aim at developing computational methods for processing and analysis of high angular resolution diffusion imaging data that has been fitted with higher order diffusion models (HOMs). Compared to the tensor model in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), HOMs provide a much richer understanding of pathology-based connectivity changes in complex WM regions, as well as a quantification of the degree of abnormality of WM. These imaging measures when correlated with clinical measures of symptom severity will provide additional insight into the pathology and its progression, thus making this project very clinically significant. Understanding such complex WM regions is expected to aid in the study of ASD, deficits in which can be linked with WM abnormalities and disruptions in structural connectivity via fiber tracts. The advances in acquisition of data that can be fitted with HOMs in turn calls for novel automated tools for analyzing such data, as existing methods developed for tensors are inapplicable to HOMs. We propose to achieve this by the following specific aims:
In Aim 1, we will define local and global measures from HOMs and use these to obtain a feature-based algorithm for deformable registration of HOM images preparing them for subsequent analysis.
In Aim 2, we will develop and validate an integrated framework for population statistics of HOMs using a combination of voxel-based, manifold-based and tract-based analysis.
In Aim 3, we will design high- dimensional multivariate pattern classifiers using HOM features, to obtain spatial patterns of brain abnormality and assign an abnormality to each brain.
In Aim 4, we will apply the methods developed in Aims 1 - 3 to a large database of ASD patients and demographically balanced typically developing volunteers and identify patient-control differences and correlate with clinical ratings of symptom severity in patients. The quantification of patterns of group differences and connectivity disruptions are expected to provide insight into the deficits observed in autism such as impaired social interactions, impaired language and communication and stereotypical, restricted and repetitive behaviors. The use of HOMs that has never been attempted before in literature to study ASD, with most of the work limited to the analysis of anisotropy and diffusivity measures computed from DTI data. We expect that upon successful completion of the project, we have developed a general and comprehensive, mathematically consistent and computationally efficient processing and analysis paradigm for large population studies using HOMs that will help identify and quantify complex patterns of connectivity changes induced by pathology.

Public Health Relevance

This project aims at developing computational methods for analyzing diffusion MRI data fitted with higher order models that uniquely characterize complex white matter regions, affected in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These well validated methods will be applied to the analysis of an ASD population to produce a quantification of abnormalities in brain connectivity and white matter integrity. Correlation with clinical diagnostic measures will provide an image-based link to deficits observed in autism such as impaired social interactions, language and communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors, and hence aid in prognosis and in studying disease progression.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH092862-02
Application #
8150423
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-NT-B (09))
Program Officer
Freund, Michelle
Project Start
2010-09-28
Project End
2015-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$665,572
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
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Ghanbari, Yasser; Bloy, Luke; Tunc, Birkan et al. (2017) On characterizing population commonalities and subject variations in brain networks. Med Image Anal 38:215-229
Solmaz, Berkan; Tunç, Birkan; Parker, Drew et al. (2017) Assessing connectivity related injury burden in diffuse traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2913-2922
Nilsson, Markus; Lasi?, Samo; Drobnjak, Ivana et al. (2017) Resolution limit of cylinder diameter estimation by diffusion MRI: The impact of gradient waveform and orientation dispersion. NMR Biomed 30:
Tax, Chantal M W; Dela Haije, Tom; Fuster, Andrea et al. (2016) Sheet Probability Index (SPI): Characterizing the geometrical organization of the white matter with diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 142:260-279
Tunç, Birkan; Ingalhalikar, Madhura; Parker, Drew et al. (2016) Individualized Map of White Matter Pathways: Connectivity-Based Paradigm for Neurosurgical Planning. Neurosurgery 79:568-77
Wassermann, Demian; Makris, Nikos; Rathi, Yogesh et al. (2016) The white matter query language: a novel approach for describing human white matter anatomy. Brain Struct Funct 221:4705-4721
Tunç, Birkan; Solmaz, Berkan; Parker, Drew et al. (2016) Establishing a link between sex-related differences in the structural connectome and behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 371:20150111
Westin, Carl-Fredrik; Knutsson, Hans; Pasternak, Ofer et al. (2016) Q-space trajectory imaging for multidimensional diffusion MRI of the human brain. Neuroimage 135:345-62

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