An increasingly prominent theme in working memory (WM) research is the idea that information can be held in WM in different states of priority. The PI's group has explored this with a procedure that unconfounds the contents of WM from the focus of attention. In this dual serial retrocuing (DSR) task, one of two items held in WM is cued as the target of an impending memory probe, thereby acquiring the status of ?attended memory item? (AMI). Although the uncued item (the ?unattended memory item,? UMI) can't be dropped from WM (because it may be tested later in the trial), multivariate evidence for its active retention, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG), drops to baseline levels. This novel and unexpected finding ? that information in WM can lack a detectable active trace -- has prompted several important questions that will be addressed by pursuing three specific aims:
Aim 1 : To test the hypothesis that the cognitive control of unattended memory items (UMI) is implemented by the same frontoparietal mechanisms that control spatial and nonspatial attention.
Aim 2 : To test the hypothesis that the selection of visual stimuli, whether from the environment or from WM, is accomplished, in part, by the hijacking of low-frequency oscillatory dynamics that are fundamental to the waking- state physiology of the corticothalamic circuitry of the visual system.
Aim 3 : To test the hypothesis that the function of context binding contributes to delay-period activity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC).
These Aims will be pursued with experiments that employ extracranial EEG, in many cases with concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in neurologically healthy young adults, as well as with experiments acquiring electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings from patients undergoing presurgical planning as a part of the clinical treatment of their epilepsy. From a broad perspective, the research program proposed here addresses a question that is of central importance for cognitive neuroscience and for mental health: What are the mechanisms whereby we control the contents of our thoughts? Its potential implications for mental health derive both from the psychological processes for which it has relevance (e.g., ruminative thought patterns, cognitive reappraisal, hallucination, processing trauma), and from the neurophysiological mechanisms that are disordered in psychiatric disease (e.g., patterns of disordered neural oscillations in schizophrenia).

Public Health Relevance

Understanding the mechanisms by which we control the contents of our thinking could be important for better diagnosis and treatment of conditions that can be described as ?disorders of thought.? One example is depression, which is associated with rumination (unhealthy dwelling on negative thoughts), and for which cognitive reappraisal (reinterpreting the implications of past events) can be an effective treatment. Another is schizophrenia, for which hallucination is a prominent symptom, and which is associated with abnormalities in the kinds of brain waves (neural oscillations) that will be studied in this project.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH095984-08
Application #
10075981
Study Section
Cognition and Perception Study Section (CP)
Program Officer
Ferrante, Michele
Project Start
2012-12-14
Project End
2023-12-31
Budget Start
2021-01-01
Budget End
2021-12-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
LaRocque, Joshua J; Riggall, Adam C; Emrich, Stephen M et al. (2017) Within-Category Decoding of Information in Different Attentional States in Short-Term Memory. Cereb Cortex 27:4881-4890
Boly, Melanie; Massimini, Marcello; Tsuchiya, Naotsugu et al. (2017) Are the Neural Correlates of Consciousness in the Front or in the Back of the Cerebral Cortex? Clinical and Neuroimaging Evidence. J Neurosci 37:9603-9613
Emrich, Stephen M; Johnson, Jeffrey S; Sutterer, David W et al. (2017) Comparing the Effects of 10-Hz Repetitive TMS on Tasks of Visual STM and Attention. J Cogn Neurosci 29:286-297
Lapate, Regina C; Samaha, Jason; Rokers, Bas et al. (2017) Inhibition of Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Produces Emotionally Biased First Impressions: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography Study. Psychol Sci 28:942-953
Samaha, Jason; Iemi, Luca; Postle, Bradley R (2017) Prestimulus alpha-band power biases visual discrimination confidence, but not accuracy. Conscious Cogn 54:47-55
Samaha, Jason; Gosseries, Olivia; Postle, Bradley R (2017) Distinct Oscillatory Frequencies Underlie Excitability of Human Occipital and Parietal Cortex. J Neurosci 37:2824-2833
Siclari, Francesca; Baird, Benjamin; Perogamvros, Lampros et al. (2017) The neural correlates of dreaming. Nat Neurosci 20:872-878
Cole, Scott R; van der Meij, Roemer; Peterson, Erik J et al. (2017) Nonsinusoidal Beta Oscillations Reflect Cortical Pathophysiology in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 37:4830-4840
Rose, Nathan S; LaRocque, Joshua J; Riggall, Adam C et al. (2016) Reactivation of latent working memories with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Science 354:1136-1139
Samaha, Jason; Sprague, Thomas C; Postle, Bradley R (2016) Decoding and Reconstructing the Focus of Spatial Attention from the Topography of Alpha-band Oscillations. J Cogn Neurosci 28:1090-7

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